Ulwazi Lomshini We-CNC
Qhubeka uthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bethu bokukhanda be-CNC kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Izingxenye Zensimbi Encane Ye-Lathe

Ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezincane ze-lathe yensimbi kumelela itshe eliyisisekelo lobunjiniyela bokunemba, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezisukela ezindizayo nasezimotweni kuya kumadivayisi kagesi nawezokwelapha. I-lathe yensimbi iyithuluzi lomshini elijikeleza i-workpiece ku-axis yalo ukuze lenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokusika, ukusanta, ukugoba, ukubhoboza, noma ukuguqulwa ngamathuluzi asetshenziswa ku-workpiece ukudala into enokulingana mayelana naleyo axis. Uma ugxila ezingxenyeni ezincane—ngokuvamile lezo ezingaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-1-2 ububanzi noma ubude—inqubo idinga ukunemba okuphezulu, imishini ekhethekile, kanye nokuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha afana nokugoba, ukuphuka, noma ukungalungi kobukhulu.
 
Izingxenye ezincane zensimbi zifaka izinto ezifana nezikhonkwane, ama-bushing, ama-shaft, ama-flange, amantongomane, kanye nokufakwa ngokwezifiso. Lezi zingxenye zivame ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi obukhulu bokukhiqizwa ngobuningi noma ngobuningi obuphansi bokwenza ama-prototyping. Inqubo iqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto kanye nokuklama, iqhubekela phambili ngokusetha kanye nokulungisa, futhi iphetha ngokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Ngokungafani nokukhiqizwa okukhulu, izingxenye ezincane zidinga ukucatshangelwa kokuphambuka kwamathuluzi, ukulawula ukudlidliza, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa, njengoba ngisho namaphutha amancane angenza ingxenye ingasetshenziswa.
 

Ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane ze-lathe yensimbi kuhilela ukujika kwe-CNC (umshini we-lathe) wezimo ezisilinda, lapho umsebenzi ojikelezayo usikwa khona ngethuluzi elingashintshi, ngokuvamile ngamathuluzi aphilayo ezicini eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezintambo nemifantu, noma i-Metal Injection Molding (MIM) yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukuhlanganisa i-metal powder nama-binder, kulandelwe ukuhlukanisa kanye nokucwilisa ukuze kube nobuningi. Inqubo iqala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa (isitokwe sebha noma i-powder), isebenzisa imishini ehleliwe (ama-CNC lathes) ukuze kube nokunemba, futhi ingafaka izinyathelo zokuqeda njengokuqhuma kwama-bead noma ukuplata ukuze kube nekhwalithi ephezulu. 

Izinqubo Eziyinhloko Zezingxenye Ze-Lathe

Ukwenziwa kwe izingxenye ze-lathe—izingxenye ezivame ukuba yi-cylindrical noma ezijikelezayo ezenziwe ngezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-titanium—zincike ezinqubweni eziningana ezibalulekile. Lezi zindlela ziguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe izingxenye eziqondile nezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nezimoto, izindiza, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, ama-elekthronikhi, kanye nemishini. Inqubo eyinhloko yile Ukujika kwe-CNC, kodwa ezinye izindlela ezifana ukubumba umjovo wensimbi (i-MIM) kanye namasu engeziwe njengokugaya noma ukuhlanganisa abhekana nezidingo ezithile, ikakhulukazi zejometri eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu.
1. Ukujika kwe-CNC (Umshini): Inqubo Eyinhloko Yezingxenye Ze-Lathe
Ukujika kwe-CNC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-CNC lathe machining, iyindlela evame kakhulu yokukhiqiza izingxenye ze-lathe. Ihamba phambili ekudaleni izimo eziyisilinda, izinyathelo, ama-taper, imicu, imifantu, nezinye izici ezilinganayo nge-axial ngokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuphindaphindwa.Ekusethweni okujwayelekile, isitokwe sensimbi eluhlaza (ngokuvamile esiyindilinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-hex noma isikwele) siboshwe ngokuphephile ku- chuck ixhunywe ku-spindle yomshini. I-spindle ijikeleza i-workpiece ngesivinini esikhulu—ngokuvamile izinkulungwane ze-RPM—kuyilapho ithuluzi lokusika elingashintshi elinendawo eyodwa lithuthukiswa libe yinto. Ukulawulwa kwezinombolo zekhompyutha (i-CNC) kuqondisa ukunyakaza kwethuluzi ngokuhamba X-eksisi (i-radial, ibheke noma ikude nomugqa ophakathi) kanye I-eksisi engu-Z (i-longitudinal, ngobude bengxenye). Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe kususa ungqimba lwezinto ngengqimba, kubumba ingxenye ngokwekhodi ye-G ehleliwe ekhiqizwe kumamodeli e-CAD.Imisebenzi eyisisekelo ihlanganisa:
  • Ukubhekana: Ukudala indawo eyisicaba.
  • Ukugoqa nokuqeda: Ukususa izinto eziningi bese uthola izindawo ezibushelelezi kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile (ngokuvamile ± 0.0005 amayintshi noma ngaphezulu).
  • Ububanzi bokujika: Ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziqondile noma ezigobile.
  • Ukunyathela: Ukusika imicu yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi.
  • Ukuvula: Ukwakha imigoqo ye-O-ring, iziteshi ze-snap-ring, noma izici zokuhlukana.
Ama-lathe e-CNC anamuhla avame ukufaka bukhoma ukusebenzisa, okwengeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Amathuluzi aphilayo ayizinamathiselo ezijikelezayo (ezisebenza nge-turret yomshini) ezisebenza njengemishini yokugaya encane noma ama-drill. Avumela imisebenzi engaphandle kwe-axis—njengezindawo zokugaya, ukubhoboza imigodi ewelayo, ukufaka izikhala, noma ukuthepha—ngaphandle kokususa ingxenye ku-lathe bese uyidlulisela emshinini wokugaya ohlukile. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokusetha, kunciphisa amaphutha okuphatha, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye ezinezici ezixubile (isb., ishafti enobubanzi obuguquliwe kanye nezindawo zokugaya ze-hex noma imigodi ye-radial ebhoboziwe). Amathuluzi aphilayo aguqula i-lathe yendabuko ibe yisikhungo sokwenza imisebenzi eminingi, ngokuvamile enekhono le-Y-axis lokugaya okuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu.
 
Ezingxenyeni ezincane kakhulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma ezinembayo kakhulu—njengezikulufo zezokwelapha, izingxenye zewashi, noma izinto zokufaka izindiza—Imishini yaseSwitzerland (Ama-lathe e-CNC ohlobo lwaseSwitzerland) anikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokungafani nokujika kwe-CNC okuvamile, lapho umsebenzi ubanjwa khona ekugcineni okukodwa noma kokubili nge-chuck, imishini yaseSwitzerland isebenzisa i- I-headstock eshelelayo futhi ukuqondisa bushing. Isitokwe sebha sidla nge-bushing, esisekela eduze kakhulu namathuluzi okusika, sinciphisa ukuphambuka nokudlidliza. Lo mklamo ulungele izingxenye ezinde, ezincane (izilinganiso zobude nobubanzi obuphezulu) kanye nezici ezincane, kufinyelela ukubekezelelana okuqinile njengo-±0.0001 amayintshi. Ama-lathe aseSwitzerland avame ukuba nama-spindle amaningi, ukusebenzisa ama-gang tooling, kanye nokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye, okuvumela izikhathi zomjikelezo ezisheshayo kanye nomphumela ophezulu wezingxenye ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi.
 
Ukujika kwe-CNC kunikeza ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqedwa kwendawo (kuze kufike ku-Ra 0.4 μm noma ngaphezulu), kanye nokukhula kusuka kuma-prototypes kuya kumavolumu aphakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, ayisebenzi kahle ezicini ezingezona i-cylindrical noma ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
2. Ukubumba Ngensimbi (i-MIM): Enye indlela yezingxenye ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinomthamo omkhulu
Uma izingxenye ze-lathe zidinga ama-geometri ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izindonga ezincane, noma imininingwane emincane eyinselele noma engakhiqizi kahle umshini, ukubumba umjovo wensimbi (i-MIM) isebenza njengendlela enamandla yokwakheka okufana ne-net. I-MIM ihlanganisa inkululeko yokuklama yokubumba ngomjovo wepulasitiki namandla okusebenza kwensimbi kwendabuko, ikhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezixineneyo nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
 
Inqubo ye-MIM iqala ngokulungiselela feedstock: izimpushana zensimbi ezincane (ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-20 μm ubukhulu bezinhlayiya, njengensimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, noma izinsimbi ezi-alloy eziphansi) zixutshwa ne-thermoplastic noma i-wax binder (cishe insimbi engu-60% ngobuningi). Le ngxube iyashiswa, ihlanganiswe ibe yifomu elihlanganisiwe le-pellet, bese ifakwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu emgodini wesikhunta onembile—okufana nokubumba kwepulasitiki. Umphumela uba yingxenye "eluhlaza" egcina i-binder ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha amandla.
 
Okulandelayo kuyeza ukuhlukanisa, lapho iningi le-binder lisuswa ngezindlela zokushisa, ze-solvent, noma ze-catalytic, okushiya ingxenye ebuthakathaka "ensundu" eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngempuphu yensimbi. Okokugcina, ukudonsa ishisa ingxenye esithandweni esilawulwayo eduze nendawo yokuncibilika kwensimbi (kodwa ngaphansi kwayo), okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlangane ngokusabalala. Lokhu kwenza ingxenye ibe yi-95-99% yobuningi bethiyori, okunikeza izakhiwo zemishini ezifana nezinsimbi ezibunjiwe noma ezibunjiwe (amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala). Ukuncipha ngesikhathi sokushiswa—ngokuvamile okungu-15-20%—kubalwa ngokunembile ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta ukuze kufezwe ubukhulu bokugcina.
 
I-MIM ikhanya ezingxenyeni ezincane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamagremu ayi-100, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamagremu angama-50) ngezici eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezicucu ezingaphansi, izintambo zangaphakathi, izindonga ezincane (kufika ku-0.1 mm), izindawo ezithungwe ngombala, noma izinto eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ezizodinga imishini noma ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi. Inikeza ukuphindaphindeka okuhle kakhulu, imfucuza encishisiwe (ukuma okuseduze kwenethi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto), kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngamanani aphezulu (izinkulungwane kuya kwezigidi zamayunithi). Ukuqeda kwendawo kubushelelezi (Ra 1-3 μm), ngokuvamile kudinga ukucutshungulwa okuncane ngemuva kokucubungula ngaphandle komshini omncane noma ukwelashwa kokushisa.
 
Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zamathuluzi ziphezulu, i-MIM inciphisa imisebenzi yesibili futhi ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye eziningi zibe izingxenye ezizodwa, kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele njengezingxenye zezibhamu, amabhulakhethi e-orthodontic, noma izixhumi ze-elekthronikhi.
3. Ezinye Izinqubo Zezici Eziyinkimbinkimbi Ezingxenyeni Ze-Lathe
Izingxenye eziningi ze-lathe zidinga izici ezingajikelezi noma ezikhethekile ezingenakukhiqizwa kahle yi-CNC ukujika yodwa. Izinqubo ezengeziwe zivame ukuhlanganiswa noma zisetshenziswe okwesibili:
  • milling: Kwenziwa kuma-CNC mills noma ngamathuluzi aphilayo kuma-lathe, ukugaya kudala ama-flat, ama-pocket, ama-slots, ama-keyways, noma izindawo ezigobile ezingxenyeni ezisilinda. Kusebenzisa izicucu ezinamaphoyinti amaningi ezijikelezayo ku-workpiece engashintshi (noma ene-indexed), okuhambisana nokujika kwama-geometri e-hybrid.
  • Ukwethula: Lokhu kuhilela ithuluzi elinamazinyo elidonswa noma elicindezelwe ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ukuze kunqunywe izimo zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle eziqondile njengezindlela zokhiye, imigqa, noma izimbobo ngendlela eyodwa (noma ukusika okungajulile okulandelanayo). Ukuxhuma ngokujikeleza (ukuxhuma ngokuguquguquka) kungenziwa kuma-lathe e-CNC kusetshenziswa izinamathiselo ezikhethekile, okuvumela ukwakheka okuphumelelayo kwezimbobo ze-polygonal noma amaphrofayili ngaphandle kokusetha kwesibili.
  • Ukudweba/Ukukhipha: Lezi yizinqubo ezikhuphukayo zokulungiselela isitokwe esingavuthiwe. Ukudweba ngocingo noma ngenduku kudonsa insimbi ngezitini ukuze kufezwe izingxenye ezifanayo (isb., imigoqo eyindilinga enobubanzi obuthile), kuyilapho ukukhipha kuphoqa izinto ngezitini ezibunjiwe ukuze kutholakale amaphrofayili ahambisanayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinto zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphezulu zemisebenzi elandelayo yokujika.
Empeleni, abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela. Isibonelo, ingxenye ingase iguqulwe ibe yi-lathe ye-CNC, igaywe ngamathuluzi aphilayo, ihlanganiswe nezihluthulelo zangaphakathi, bese iqedwa ngokugaya noma ukupholisha. Ukukhetha kuncike kusayizi wengxenye, ubunzima, ukubekezelelana, izinto zokwakha, ivolumu, kanye nezinhloso zezindleko.
 
Ngokufigqiwe, Ukujika kwe-CNC Kuhlala kuyisisekelo sezingxenye eziningi ze-lathe ngenxa yokunemba kwayo nokusebenza kahle ngamajiyometri ajikelezayo, okuthuthukiswa ngamathuluzi aphilayo kanye nezinhlobo zaseSwitzerland zezidingo ezithuthukisiwe. MIM inikeza enye indlela ekhangayo yezingxenye ezincane ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi neziyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho ukugaya, ukuhlanganisa, nokulungiselela isitoko kugcwalisa izikhala zokusebenza okuphelele. Ukukhetha inqubo efanele—noma indlela ehlanganisiwe—kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, isikhathi sokuhola, kanye nezomnotho ekukhiqizeni ngokunemba kwesimanje.

Imisebenzi Evamile Ekukhiqizweni Kwezingxenye Zensimbi Encane Ene-Lathe

Ukujika kwe-CNC Yakha umgogodla wokukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane ezilinganayo ngokujikeleza. Umsebenzi (ngokuvamile unikezwa isitokwe sebha ngokuzenzakalelayo) ujikeleza ngesivinini esiphezulu kuyilapho amathuluzi alawulwa yi-CNC esusa izinto ngokunembile.
Izinqubo Eziyinhloko Zezingxenye Ze-Lathe:

*Ukujika: Inqubo eyinhloko yokususa inciphisa ububanzi bento yokusebenza ukuze kudalwe amasilinda aqondile, ama-taper, amahlombe, noma ama-contour. Ukujika okuphambene kususa izinto eziningi ngokushesha, kuyilapho ukujika kokuqeda kufinyelela ubukhulu obuqondile kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu kwendawo (ngokuvamile i-Ra 0.8 μm noma ibushelelezi). Ezingxenyeni ezincane, lo msebenzi uqinisekisa ukugxila kanye nokuzungeza okubalulekile kuma-shaft, amaphini, kanye nama-bushings.boyiprototyping.com

*Ukubhekana: Lokhu kudala indawo yokugcina eyisicaba, eqondile ngokuphakela ithuluzi ngokukhanya okujikelezayo ekugcineni kwengxenye. Kusungula ubuso obuhlanzekile bokubhekisela emisebenzini elandelayo noma kuqinisekisa ubude obufanele kanye nesikwele.

*Ukubhoboza Nokudina: Ukubhoboza kukhiqiza imigodi ye-axial kusetshenziswa ama-drill ajikelezayo abanjwe ku-turret noma ku-tailstock. Ukubhoboza kukhulisa noma kucwengisisa le migodi ukuze ilingane kahle, kuvame ukusebenzisa imigoqo yokubhoboza enephuzu elilodwa ukuze kufezwe ukubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nama-bore abushelelezi kuma-bushings amancane noma ama-fittings. Amathuluzi abukhoma kuma-lathe athuthukile avumela ukubhoboza okuphambeneyo kwezici ze-radial ngaphandle kokuzibeka kabusha.

*Ukuhlanganisa imicu: Imicu yangaphandle inqunywa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlanganisa imicu enephuzu elilodwa alandela indlela ejikelezayo evumelaniswe nokujikeleza kwe-spindle. Imicu yangaphakathi isebenzisa amathephu noma amathuluzi okubhoboza. Ukulawula kwe-CNC kuvumela ukugoba okunembile, ukuhola, kanye nemicu yokuqalisa eminingi kuma-fasteners amancane, izixhumi, noma izikulufo zokulungisa.partmfg.com

*Ukugoba: Umsebenzi wokwakha (hhayi ukusika) ucindezela ithuluzi lokugoba ngokumelene nomsebenzi ojikelezayo ukuze kudalwe iphethini yedayimane, eqondile, noma evundlile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukubamba ama-knob, izikulufu zesithupha, izibambo, noma amakhola okulungisa ngaphandle kokwengeza ububanzi obukhulu.reidsupply.com

Ama-lathe e-CNC ohlobo lwaseSwitzerland afaneleka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezincane kakhulu (kuze kufike ezicini ze-sub-millimeter) ngenxa ye-guide bushing esekela isitokwe eduze nendawo yokusika, enciphisa ukuphambuka futhi ivumela izingxenye ezinesilinganiso esiphakeme njengezikulufo zezokwelapha noma izikhonkwane zewashi.

Izinyathelo Ngemva Kokucubungula

Ngemva komshini wokuqala wokusebenza, izingxenye ezincane ziyaqedwa ukuze kususwe ukungapheleli futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza:
1. Ukususa imfucuza kanye nokuqeda: Imiphetho ebukhali, ama-burrs ekuphendukeni noma ekubholeni, kanye namamaki amathuluzi kususwa ngokususa ama-burring ngesandla, ukudlidliza okudlidlizayo, noma ukuqhumisa imidiya. Ukuqhumisa ama-bead (kusetshenziswa ubuhlalu beglasi noma be-ceramic) noma ukuqhumisa ngemidiya ebhulazayo kushelela izindawo, kuthuthukisa ubuhle, futhi kulungiselela izingxenye zokumboza. Lezi zinyathelo zivimbela ukugxila kokucindezeleka futhi ziqinisekise ukuphathwa okuphephile.comcoinc.com

2. Ukwelashwa Kobuso: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, izakhiwo zokuguguleka, noma ukubukeka, izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka: Ukufaka i-electroplating (i-nickel, i-chrome, i-zinc) kwezendlalelo zokuhlobisa noma zokuvikela.
*Ukufaka i-anodizing (ye-aluminium) ukudala ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile, evikela ukushisa.
*Ukudlulisa (kwensimbi engagqwali) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala.
*Ukupenda, ukumboza ngempuphu, noma ukumboza nge-PVD/CVD kwezidingo ezikhethekile.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zandisa impilo yesevisi ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu njengezokwelapha, izindiza, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle.

Amacala Okusetshenziswa Okufanelekile Kwezinqubo Eziyinhloko

1.CNC Lathes (kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwaseSwitzerland): Kuhle kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezincane ezinembile ezidinga ukugxila okuhle kakhulu, ukuqeda ubuso, kanye nobunzima obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu ezicini zokujikeleza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:
*Izinduku, izinduku, kanye nezinduku zokuphotha.
*Ama-bushing, ama-spacer, nama-bearings.
*Izibambo, izixhumi, kanye nezinto zokufaka ezinentambo.
*Izindawo zokuzwa izimoto, izinto zokufaka izindiza, kanye nezingxenye zezinsimbi zezokwelapha.
*Ukuphenduka kwe-CNC kunikeza ukuguquguquka kwama-prototypes kuya kuma-medium run (amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni), ngokushintsha okusheshayo kokusetha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto.

2. Ukubumba Ngensimbi (MIM): Kulungele izingxenye ezincane kakhulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi obukhulu (amashumi ezinkulungwane kuya ezigidini). I-MIM iqala ngempuphu yensimbi exutshwe ne-binder, ifakwe ezikhumbeni, ikhishwe, bese ishiswa kuze kube yilapho igcwele. Ihamba phambili ezicini ezifana nezindonga ezincane, izingcezu ezingaphansi, imigodi yangaphakathi, ukuthungwa okuhle, noma izinto eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ezingabiza kakhulu noma ezingenakwenzeka ukuzisebenzisa ngomshini efficiently.unionfab.com

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile ze-MIM zezingxenye ezincane zensimbi zifaka phakathi izingxenye zedivayisi yezokwelapha (isb., amathuluzi okuhlinza, amabhulakhethi e-orthodontic), amagiya amancane, amabhulakhethi ayinkimbinkimbi, iziqhumisi zezibhamu, kanye nezixhumi ze-elekthronikhi. Nakuba izindleko zamathuluzi ziphezulu kusengaphambili, i-MIM inciphisa imfucuza, imisebenzi yesibili, kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlanganisa ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.

Empeleni, abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlanganisa izindlela: ingxenye ingase yakhiwe nge-MIM ukuze isetshenziswe njenge-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi bese iqedwa ngomshini ku-lathe ye-CNC ukuze ikwazi ukubekezelelana okubucayi, noma izingxenye eziguquliwe zingathola izici zesibili ezifana ne-MIM uma ivolumu ikwenza kuvumeleke.

Sekukonke, ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane zensimbi kuhlanganisa ukunemba kokususa (ngokuguqula i-CNC) nokusebenza kahle komumo oseduze (ngokusebenzisa i-MIM) kanye nokucutshungulwa okubalulekile ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zosayizi, ukunemba, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezincane zesimanje.

 

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokusebenza Zezingxenye Ze-Lathe Zensimbi Encane

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kubalulekile enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, njengoba kuthonya ukusebenza kahle, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko. Izinsimbi ezivamile zezingxenye ezincane ze-lathe zifaka i-aluminium, ithusi, insimbi, insimbi engagqwali, ithusi, kanye ne-titanium. Ngayinye inezakhiwo ezihlukile: i-aluminium ilula futhi kulula ukuyishicilela kodwa ithambile; ithusi linikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala futhi lilungele izingxenye zokuhlobisa noma zikagesi; insimbi inikeza amandla kodwa ingaba yinselele ezicini ezincane ngenxa yobunzima.

Ukuklama Nokuhlela

Ukuklama nokuhlela okuphumelelayo kunciphisa izingozi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezincane zensimbi. Qala ngesofthiwe ye-CAD efana ne-SolidWorks noma i-Fusion 360 ukuze wenze imodeli yengxenye, ufake ukubekezelelana, ukuqedwa kwendawo, kanye nezici ezifana nezintambo noma imifantu. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, imiklamo kumele ibhekele ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi—gwema ukuchezuka okujulile okungabangela ukuphuka kwamathuluzi.

Ukuhlela kuhlanganisa ukulandelana kwenqubo: ukujika okungahleliwe ukuze kususwe izinto eziningi, bese uqedela amaphasi ukuze kube nokunemba. Lingisa imisebenzi usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-CAM ukuze ukhiqize i-G-code yama-lathe e-CNC, uthuthukise ama-feed kanye nesivinini. Kuma-lathe asetshenziswa ngesandla, dala imidwebo enemininingwane enobukhulu.

Cabanga ngokufakwa kwezinto: ama-collets okugcina kahle ububanzi obuncane, noma ama-bushing enziwe ngokwezifiso ukusekela izingxenye ezithambile. Ukuhlela inqwaba yamavolumu aphezulu kuhilela ama-bar feeders kuma-lathe azenzakalelayo. Ukuhlolwa kwengozi kuhlanganisa izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokuxoxa (ukudlidliza okubangela ukuqeda okubi) noma ukwakheka kwe-burr. Uhlelo lokusebenzisa i-coolant ukususa ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ensimbini engagqwali. Ukulinganisa isikhathi kusiza ekuhleleni: i-shaft encane elula ingathatha imizuzu emi-5-10 ngengxenye ngayinye ngesandla, okuncane ku-CNC.

Ukubhala ngephrothokholi kuqinisekisa uhlelo—umshini uyingxenye yokuhlola, ulinganise ngama-micrometer noma i-CMM, bese uphinda. Ukubhala kuqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa.

Ukusetha i-Lathe kanye namathuluzi

Ukusetha yilapho kuqala khona ukunemba. Ukuze uthole i-lathe encane, yibophe ebhentshini elizinzile, lenga umbhede, bese uqondanisa i-headstock ne-tailstock. Izingxenye ze-lathe zifaka umbhede, i-headstock (ene-spindle), inqola, kanye ne-tailstock.

Faka i-workpiece ku-chuck enama-jaw amathathu ukuze isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile noma i-collet ukuze kube nokunemba okuphezulu kuma-diameter amancane. Sebenzisa i-drill ephakathi uma kudingeka ukwesekwa kwe-tailstock.

Amathuluzi: Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS) yezinsimbi ezithambile njengethusi, i-carbide inserts yezinsimbi eziqinile. Gaya amathuluzi abe ngama-engeli athile—isb., ama-60° okuhlanganisa intambo. Ukuphakama kwamathuluzi kumele kuhambisane nomugqa ophakathi we-spindle.

Isivinini kanye nokuphakelwa: Bala i-RPM njengo (Isivinini Sokusika x 4) / Ububanzi. Ngethusi, i-1000-2000 RPM ezingxenyeni ezincane; iphakelwa amasentimitha angu-0.002-0.005 ngokujikeleza ngakunye. Sebenzisa uketshezi lokusika ukuze ugcobe.

Ngezingxenye ezincane, sebenzisa ukuphumula okuzinzile noma ukuphumula okulandelayo ukuze uvimbele ukugoba. Ukulinganisa ngezinkomba zokudayela kuqinisekisa ukunemba.

Ukusebenza kwemishini

Ingqikithi yenqubo ihilela imisebenzi eminingana, ngayinye yenzelwe izingxenye ezincane.
Ukubhekana: Sika isikwele ekugcineni kwento yokusebenza ngokuqhubekisela phambili ithuluzi ngokuqondile. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, ukunqunywa okukhanyayo (0.005 amayintshi) kuvimbela ukumba kwamathuluzi.

Ukuphenduka: Nciphisa ububanzi ngokuhambisa ithuluzi lihambisane ne-axis. Ukugoqa kususa izinto eziningi, ukuqeda kufinyelela ubukhulu bokugcina. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, sebenzisa i-RPM ephezulu ukuze ulondoloze isivinini sobuso.

Ukubhoboza Nokubhora: Ukubhoboza phakathi nendawo kuqala, bese ubhoboza imigodi. Ukubhoboza kuyayikhulisa kahle. Kumabhobo amancane, sebenzisa amabhoboza e-carbide ukuze ugweme ukuzulazula.

Uchungechunge: Sika imicu ngethuluzi ledayi noma lephuzu elilodwa. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, imicu yangaphandle ivamile; qinisekisa ukusethwa okuqinile.

Ukuhlukana: Sika ingxenye eqediwe ngethuluzi elincane lensingo. Sekela nge-tailstock uma kungenzeka.

Ukugoqa kanye nokugoqa: Engeza ukuthungwa noma izikhala. Ukuze uthole izici ezincane, kudingeka amathuluzi akhethekile. Ku-CNC, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukhoma kuvumela ukugaya ngaphandle kwe-axis. Izibonelo: Umshini we-flange nut yethusi engu-0-80 kuhilela ukubhoboza, ukuthepha, nokujika ngokulandelana.

Ezingxenyeni ezincane kakhulu, njenge-chamfers engu-0.5mm, ama-jig enziwe ngokwezifiso noma imisebenzi yesibili (isb., ukusantinga) kungalandela. Ukuphathwa kokushisa kubalulekile—ingadi eningi ingagoba izingxenye ezincane.

Ukususa ama-bursting kususa imiphetho ebukhali, ngokuvamile ngesandla ngamafayela noma ama-tumbler.

Ukuphepha Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu: Gqoka i-PPE, vala izingubo ezikhululekile, futhi usebenzise izivikelo. Gwema ukufinyela izingxenye ezijikelezayo; misa umshini ukuze ulungise.

Ukulawula ikhwalithi kusebenzisa ama-micrometer, ama-caliper, kanye nama-optical comparator ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu. Abahloli bokurhabaxa kobuso bahlola ukuqeda. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, ukukhulisa kusiza ekuhlolweni.

Sebenzisa i-SPC ukuze uqaphe ukushintshashintsha. Amaphutha avamile: ukungaguquguquki ngenxa yokuthuthumela okungekuhle, ama-burrs avela kumathuluzi abuthakathaka.

Techniques Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CNC kuzenzakalelayo izinqubo, kanye nama-Swiss lathes asebenza kahle kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izindlela ze-hybrid zihlanganisa i-lathe nokuphrinta kwe-3D kwama-prototypes. Ukujika kwe-Multi-axis kunezela izici ezifana nezikhala ngaphandle kokubeka kabusha.

Isiphetho

Inqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane zensimbi enziwe nge-lathe ihlanganisa ubuciko nesayensi, iletha izingxenye ezinembile ezibalulekile ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha. Ubuchwepheshe buza nokuzijwayeza, ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe obushintshayo ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kube nekhwalithi.