Indlela yokuklama izingxenye zemishini ye-CNC
Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele wokuklama imishini ye-CNC, sihlanganise imikhuba yokuklama eyisisekelo nethuthukisiwe namathiphu okukusiza ukufeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yezingxenye zakho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula ongazithatha ukuze uthuthukise imiklamo yakho yokulungisa i-computer numeral control (CNC). Ngokulandela imithetho yokuklama ukukhiqiza (DFM), ungathola okuningi emakhonweni abanzi e-CNC machining. Nokho, lokhu kungaba yinselele, njengoba izindinganiso ezithile embonini yonke zingekho.
Kulesi sihloko, sinikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuklama imishini ye-CNC. Ukuze sihlanganise lolu lwazi oluningiliziwe olusesikhathini, sicele impendulo kochwepheshe bemboni kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zomshini we-CNC. Uma ulungiselela izindleko, hlola lo mhlahlandlela wokuklama izingxenye ezingabizi ze-CNC.
Iyini inqubo yemishini ye-CNC?
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC uwubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obususa izinto. Ku-CNC, izinto zisuswa ebhulokini eliqinile kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusika ajikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu—izinkulungwane ze-RPM—ukukhiqiza ingxenye esekelwe kumodeli we-CAD. Kokubili izinsimbi kanye nepulasitiki kungashintshwa ngomshini we-CNC.
Izingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini we-CNC zinokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile. I-CNC ifaneleka kokubili ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kanye nemisebenzi yesikhathi esisodwa. Eqinisweni, imishini ye-CNC okwamanje iyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza ama-prototype ensimbi, ngisho noma kuqhathaniswa nokuphrinta kwe-3D.
Yiziphi imikhawulo eyinhloko yomklamo we-CNC?
I-CNC inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo, kodwa kunemikhawulo embalwa. Le mikhawulo ihlobene nendlela eyisisekelo yokusebenza kwenqubo yokusika futhi ikakhulukazi iphathelene ne-geometry yamathuluzi kanye nokufinyelela kwamathuluzi.
Ijeometri yethuluzi
Amathuluzi okusika e-CNC avame kakhulu (amathuluzi okugaya kanye nama-drill) anomumo oyisilinda kanye nobude bokusika obulinganiselwe.
Njengoba izinto zisuswa emsebenzini, i-geometry yethuluzi idluliselwa engxenyeni esetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kusho, isibonelo, ukuthi amakhona angaphakathi engxenye ye-CNC ahlala ene-radius, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika lincane kangakanani.
Ukufinyelela ithuluzi
Ukuze kususwe izinto, ithuluzi lokusika lisondela ngqo kumshini wokusebenza kusuka phezulu. Izici ezingenakufinyelelwa ngale ndlela azikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngomshini we-CNC.
Kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho: ama-undercuts. Kunesigaba sama-undercuts ngasekupheleni kwalesi sihloko.
Sincoma ukuvumelanisa zonke izici zemodeli yakho (imigodi, imigodi, izindonga eziqondile, njll.) nenye yezindlela eziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, bheka lo mthetho njengesincomo hhayi umkhawulo, njengoba izinhlelo ze-CNC ezi-5-axis zinikeza amakhono athuthukile okugcina izinto zokusebenza.
Ukufinyelela amathuluzi nakho kuyinkinga lapho ukusebenza komshini kuhambisana nesilinganiso esikhulu sokujula nobubanzi. Ukuze ufinyelele phansi kwesikhala esijulile, isibonelo, udinga amathuluzi anokufinyelela okude. Lokhu kusho ububanzi bokunyakaza kwe-effector yokugcina, okwandisa ukuxokozela komshini futhi kwehlise ukunemba okufinyelelekayo.
Kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza uma uklama izingxenye ezingashintshwa nge-CNC ngethuluzi elinobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu kanye nobude obufushane kakhulu.
Iziqondiso zokuklama ze-CNC
Inselele evame ukuvela lapho kuklanywa ingxenye yomshini we-CNC ukuthi azikho izindinganiso ezithile embonini. Abakhiqizi bemishini namathuluzi be-CNC baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe, bandise imikhawulo yalokho okungenzeka. Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa amanani anconywayo nasebenzisekayo ezicini ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezingxenyeni zomshini we-CNC.
Imigodi namapokhethi
Ukujula komgodi okunconywayo: ububanzi bomgodi obuphindwe kane
Amathuluzi okugaya okugcina anobude obulinganiselwe bokusika (ngokuvamile aphindwe kathathu kuya kane ububanzi bawo). Ukuphambuka kwamathuluzi, ukuphuma kwama-chip kanye nokudlidliza kuba sobala kakhulu lapho imigodi inesilinganiso esincane sokujula nobubanzi.
Ukunciphisa ukujula komgodi kube ububanzi obuphindwe kane kuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle.
Uma kudingeka ukujula okukhulu, cabanga ngokuklama izingxenye ezinobubanzi obuguquguqukayo besikhala.
Ukugaya imigodi ejulile: Imigodi enobubanzi obungaphezu kwesithupha kunobubanzi bethuluzi ibhekwa njengejulile. Isilinganiso sokujula kobubanzi bethuluzi kuya kumgodi esingafika ku-30:1 kungenzeka kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile (ukujula okuphezulu: 35 cm ngethuluzi lokugaya eliyi-1 intshi ububanzi).
Imigodi namapokhethi
Irediyasi yekona eqondile
Kunconywa: ⅓ izikhathi ukujula kwesikhala (noma okukhulu)
Ukusebenzisa inani elinconywayo le-radii yangaphakathi ekhoneni kuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi elifanele lobubanzi lingasetshenziswa futhi lihambisana neziqondiso zokujula kwesikhala okunconywayo.
Ukwandisa i-ekhoneni ngaphezu kancane kwenani elinconywayo (isb. ngo-1 mm), kuvumela ithuluzi ukuthi lisike lilandela indlela eyindilinga esikhundleni se-engeli engu-90. Lokhu kuyathandwa njengoba kuphumela ekuqedeni kobuso obusezingeni eliphezulu. Uma kudingeka amakhona angaphakathi abukhali angama-90 degrees, cabanga ngokufaka i-T-bone undercut esikhundleni sokunciphisa i-ekhoneni.
Irediyasi yephansi
Kunconywe: 0.5 mm, 1 mm noma akukho radius
Kungenzeka: noma iyiphi irediyasi
Amathuluzi okugaya asekupheleni anomphetho ophansi oyisicaba noma oyisiyingi kancane. Amanye ama-radii phansi angashintshwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuphela kwebhola. Kungumkhuba omuhle wokuklama ukusebenzisa amanani anconyiwe, njengoba kukhethwa ochwepheshe bemishini.
Izindonga ezizacile
Ubuncane bodonga obukhulu
Okunconyiwe: 0.8 mm (izinsimbi), 1.5 mm (ipulasitiki)
Okungenzeka: 0.5 mm (izinsimbi), 1.0 mm (ipulasitiki)
Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kunciphisa ukuqina kwezinto, okwandisa ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokugaya futhi kunciphisa ukunemba okufinyelelekayo. Amapulasitiki athambekele ekugobeni (ngenxa yokucindezeleka okusele) kanye nokuthamba (ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa), ngakho-ke kunconywa ubukhulu obukhulu bodonga. Amanani angenzeka ashiwo ngenhla kufanele ahlolwe ngokwesisekelo secala ngalinye.
Izindawo
ububanzi
Okunconyiwe: i-drill bit ejwayelekile
Okungenzeka: noma yiluphi ububanzi obukhulu kuno-1 mm
Izimbobo zisebenza ngomshini kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokubhoboza noma ithuluzi lokugaya. Usayizi wezimbobo zokubhoboza ujwayelekile (ngamayunithi e-metric kanye ne-imperial). Ama-reamers namathuluzi okubhoboza asetshenziswa ukuqeda izimbobo ezidinga ukubekezelelwa okuqinile. Kuzimbobo ezinembe kakhulu ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-20 mm, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ububanzi obujwayelekile.
Ukujula okukhulu
Kunconywe: ububanzi obujwayelekile obuphindwe ka-4
Okuvamile: ububanzi obujwayelekile obuphindwe ka-10
Kungenzeka: ububanzi obujwayelekile obuphindwe ka-40
Imigodi enobubanzi obungejwayelekile kumele isetshenziswe ngethuluzi lokugaya ekugcineni. Kulesi simo, kusebenza imikhawulo yokujula okuphezulu kwesikhala futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe inani lokujula okuphezulu okunconywayo. Imigodi ejulile kunenani elijwayelekile isetshenziswa ngemishini kusetshenziswa ama-drill bits akhethekile (anobubanzi obuncane obungu-3mm). Imigodi eyimpumputhe esetshenziswa nge-drill inephansi eliyindilinga (i-engeli engu-135-degree), kanti imigodi esetshenziswa ngethuluzi lokugaya ekugcineni iyisicaba.
Akukho ukukhetha okukhethekile phakathi kwemigodi edlulayo noma imigodi engaboni kahle emishinini ye-CNC.
imicu
Ubukhulu be-Thread
• Linanincane lesikhatsi: I-M1 (futhi iphansi, kwezinye izimo)
Kunconywe: M6 noma ngaphezulu
Imicu inqunywa ngamathephu kanye nemicu yangaphandle enamadayiphu. Imicu namadayiphu angasetshenziswa ukusika imicu ibe yi-M2. Amathuluzi okufaka imicu ye-CNC avamile futhi athandwa ochwepheshe bemishini, njengoba enciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kwempompi. Amathuluzi okufaka imicu ye-CNC angasetshenziswa ukusika imicu ibe yi-M6.
Ubude bendawo
• Linanincane lesikhatsi: ububanzi obujwayelekile obuphindwe ka-1.5
Kunconywe: ububanzi obujwayelekile obuphindwe ka-3
Iningi lomthwalo ofakwa entanjeni uthathwa amazinyo ambalwa okuqala (kufika ku-1.5 ubukhulu obujwayelekile). Ngakho-ke, imicu emide ngaphezu kwe-3 ubukhulu obujwayelekile ayidingeki.
Ngemicu emigodini engaboni enqunywe ngama-tap (okungukuthi yonke imicu emincane kuno-M6), engeza ubude obungafakwanga imicu obulingana nobubanzi obuphindwe ka-1.5 phansi komgodi. Uma ithuluzi lokucupha i-CNC lingasetshenziswa (okungukuthi imicu emikhulu kuno-M6), imbobo ingacushwa kuyo yonke ubude bayo.
Izici ezincane
Ubuncane bembobo ububanzi
Kunconywe: 2.5 mm (0.1 amayintshi.”)
Kungenzeka: 0.05 mm (0.005 amayintshi.”)
Izitolo eziningi zemishini zingasebenzisa imishini emigodini kanye nezimbobo ngokunembile zisebenzisa amathuluzi afinyelela ku-2.5 mm (0.1 inches) ububanzi. Noma yini engaphansi kwalo mkhawulo ibhekwa njengemishini emincane. Amathuluzi akhethekile (ama-micro-drill) nolwazi lochwepheshe kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini enjalo ngoba i-physics yenqubo yokusika iyashintsha ngalesi sikali. Ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela, isincomo-ke ukuthi kugwenywe lokho.
Ukubekezelelana
Okuvamile: +-0.1 mm
Kungenzeka: +-0.02 mm
Ukubekezelelana kwethu kungaba ngu-2768 okuphakathi noma okuphansi. Uma ukubekezelelana kungacacisiwe, abalingani bokukhiqiza bazosebenzisa ibanga elikhethiwe elingu-2768.
Ukubekezelelana kuchaza imingcele yobukhulu obamukelekayo. Ukubekezelelana okufinyelelekayo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu besisekelo kanye ne-geometry yengxenye. Amanani angenhla ayiziqondiso ezifanele.
Umbhalo kanye nezinhlamvu
Okunconyiwe: usayizi wefonti 20 (noma ngaphezulu), kuqoshwe ngo-5 mm
Umbhalo oqoshiwe uyathandwa kunombhalo oqoshiwe, njengoba kususwa izinto ezimbalwa. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa usayizi omncane wefonti engu--20 sans-serif (isb. i-Arial noma i-Verdana). Imishini eminingi ye-CNC inezindlela ezihleliwe zala mafonti.
Ukusethwa kwemishini ye-CNC kanye nokuqondiswa kwezingxenye
Isimiso sengxenye edinga ukusethwa okuningi
Ukufinyelela amathuluzi kungenye yemikhawulo eyinhloko yokuklama ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini ye-CNC. Ukuze kufinyelelwe kuzo zonke izindawo zomodeli, umsebenzi kufanele ujikeleziswe izikhathi eziningi.
Noma nini lapho umsebenzi ujikeleziswa, umshini kufanele ulinganiswe kabusha futhi kuchazwe uhlelo olusha lokuxhumanisa.
Ngesikhathi sokuklama, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusethwa komshini ngezizathu ezimbili:
Inani eliphelele lokusetha komshini lithinta izindleko. Ukujikeleza nokulungisa kabusha ingxenye kudinga umsebenzi wezandla futhi kwandisa isikhathi somshini esiphelele. Lokhu kuvame ukwamukeleka uma ingxenye idinga ukujikeleziswa kuze kube kathathu noma kane, kodwa noma yini engaphezu kwalomkhawulo idlula kakhulu.
Ukuze kufezwe ukunemba okuphezulu kokuma okuhlobene, izici ezimbili kumele zenziwe ngomshini ekusethweni okufanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isinyathelo esisha sokulinganisa sethula iphutha elincane (kodwa elingabalulekile).
Yini i-5-axis CNC machining?
Umshini we-CNC onezingqimba ezi-5 uhambisa amathuluzi okusika noma izingxenye eceleni kwezingqimba ezinhlanu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imishini ye-CNC enezingqimba eziningi ingakha izingxenye ezinejiyometri eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba inikeza izingqimba ezimbili ezengeziwe ezijikelezayo. Le mishini iqeda isidingo sokusetha imishini eminingi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yomshini we-CNC one-axis emihlanu?
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC one-axis emihlanu uvumela ithuluzi ukuthi lihlale liqinile endaweni yokusika. Izindlela zamathuluzi zingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zisebenze kahle, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezinomphetho ongcono kanye nezikhathi zokugaya eziphansi.
Nokho, i-CNC ene-axis emihlanu inemikhawulo yayo. I-geometry yamathuluzi ayisisekelo kanye nemikhawulo yokufinyelela amathuluzi isasebenza (isibonelo, izingxenye ezine-geometri zangaphakathi azikwazi ukushintshwa ngomshini). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo ziphakeme.
Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC
Ukusika okungaphansi kwesakhiwo kuyizinto ezingenakukwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okusika ajwayelekile, njengoba ezinye zezindawo zazo zingafinyeleleki ngqo kusuka phezulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-undercuts: ama-T-slots kanye nama-dovetails. Ama-undercuts angaba nohlangothi olulodwa noma oluphindwe kabili futhi asetshenziswa ngomshini kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile.
Amathuluzi okusika i-T-slot enziwe nge-blade yokusika evundlile enamathiselwe ku-shaft eqondile. Ububanzi be-undercut bungahluka phakathi kuka-3mm no-40mm. Sincoma ukusebenzisa osayizi abajwayelekile bobubanzi (okungukuthi, ukwanda kwe-millimeter yonke noma izingxenyana ze-intshi ezijwayelekile), njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ithuluzi elifanele selivele litholakala.
Ngamathuluzi okusika umsila we-dovetail, i-engeli iwusayizi wesici ochazayo. Womabili amathuluzi omsila we-dovetail angama-45 nama-60 abhekwa njengajwayelekile. Amathuluzi ane-engeli engama-degree angu-5, 10 kanye nafinyelela ku-120 (ekukhuphukeni kwama-degree angu-10) nawo akhona kodwa awavamile ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhala se-T (kwesobunxele), i-undercut yedovetail (phakathi), kanye ne-undercut enohlangothi olulodwa odongeni lwangaphakathi (kwesokudla).
Umklamo ongaphansi kokusika wemishini ye-CNC
Uma uklama izingxenye ezinezicucu ezingaphansi kwezindonga zangaphakathi, khumbula ukwengeza isikhala esanele sethuluzi. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ukwengeza isikhala esilingana okungenani ngokuphindwe kane ukujula kwesicucu esingaphansi kwendonga phakathi kodonga olufakwe ngomshini nanoma yiluphi olunye udonga lwangaphakathi.
Kumathuluzi ajwayelekile, isilinganiso esijwayelekile phakathi kobubanzi bokusika kanye nobubanzi bomgodi singu-2:1, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukujula kokusika. Uma kudingeka i-undercut engeyona ejwayelekile, kuyinto evamile ukuthi izitolo zemishini zenze amathuluzi azo e-undercut angokwezifiso. Lokhu kunganezela isikhathi kanye nezindleko, ngakho-ke gwema uma kungenzeka.
Ukudweba umdwebo wobuchwepheshe
Imidwebo yobuchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa onjiniyela ukuze badlulisele izidingo ezithile zokukhiqiza kumenzi wemishini.
Ukulayisha umdwebo wobuchwepheshe ngesilinganiso sakho
Ngokuvamile asidingi umdwebo wobuchwepheshe wama-oda epulatifomu yethu, kodwa kwezinye izimo, angangeza umongo obalulekile esicelweni sesilinganiso. Imininingwane ethile yomklamo ayikwazi ukufakwa kufayela le-STEP noma le-IGES. Isibonelo, kuzodingeka ufake umdwebo wobuchwepheshe we-2D uma imodeli yakho ifaka imigodi noma imigoqo enezintambo kanye/noma ubukhulu obunokubekezelelana okuqinile kunebanga elikhethiwe le-2768.
Uma ungeza umdwebo wobuchwepheshe, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi uhambisana nemininingwane yamafayela alayishiwe. Uma imidwebo yobuchwepheshe ingahambisani namafayela alayishiwe noma imininingwane yesilinganiso:
Imininingwane yesilinganiso ibhekwa njengephuzu elibalulekile lobuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo.
Imidwebo yobuchwepheshe ibhekwa njengendawo yokubhekisela ezinhlokweni zentambo, izincazelo zokubekezelelana, imininingwane yokuqeda ubuso, izicelo zokumaka izingxenye kanye nezincazelo zokwelashwa kokushisa.
Ifayela le-CAD libhekwa njengendawo yokubhekisela ekuklanyweni kwezingxenye, i-geometry, ubukhulu kanye nezindawo zesici.
Yiziphi izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-CNC machining?
Yakha izingxenye ezingakhiwa ngomshini usebenzisa ithuluzi elinobubanzi obukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Faka amafillet amakhulu (okungenani izikhathi ezingu-⅓ zokujula kwesikhala) kuwo wonke amakhona angaphakathi aqondile.
Nciphisa ukujula kwezimbobo kube ububanzi obuphindwe kane.
Hlanganisa izici eziyinhloko zomklamo wakho nenye yezindlela eziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Uma lokho kungenzeki, i-5-axis CNC machining iyindlela engcono.
Thumela umdwebo wobuchwepheshe kanye nomdwebo wakho uma umklamo wakho uhlanganisa imicu, ukubekezelelana, imininingwane yokuqeda ubuso noma amanye amanothi omqhubi womshini.
Ingabe unezingxenye ozidingayo ezenziwe ngomshini we-CNC? Sicela uxhumane nethimba lethu le-Gazfull.