I-Carbon & Alloy Yezinto Zokusebenza Zemishini ze-CNC
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza wanamuhla, imishini yokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha (CNC) iwubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa okunembile nokuphumelelayo kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nezimoto, izindiza, uwoyela negesi, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Inhliziyo yale nqubo ikhetha izinto ezifanele, lapho izinsimbi ezifana nensimbi zibusa khona ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo, amandla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Phakathi kwalezi, insimbi yekhabhoni kanye nensimbi ye-alloy kuvela njengezigaba ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini ye-CNC. Lezi zinto zinikeza ibhalansi yezakhiwo zemishini ezenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
Insimbi yekhabhoni, ngokuyinhloko eyingxube yensimbi nekhabhoni enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okusukela ku-0.05% kuya ku-2% ngesisindo, yakha umgogodla wezicelo eziningi zezimboni. Ukulula kwayo ekubunjweni—ikakhulukazi insimbi nekhabhoni, enezinto ezincane ezifana ne-manganese, i-silicon, i-phosphorus, i-sulfur, kanye nomoya-mpilo—kuvumela ukuhlukahluka kobulukhuni, amandla, kanye nokuguquguquka okusekelwe emazingeni ekhabhoni. Izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi, isibonelo, zaziwa ngokushibilika kwazo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokwakheka, kuyilapho izinhlobo zekhabhoni eziphakeme zinikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Emishinini ye-CNC, izinsimbi zekhabhoni zaziswa ngokungabizi kwazo kanye nokulula kokucutshungulwa, okwenza zifaneleke ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye eziningi njengemiphini, izikhonkwane, kanye nezinamathiselo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, insimbi ye-alloy yakhela phezu kwesisekelo sensimbi yekhabhoni ngokufaka izinto ezengeziwe zokuhlanganisa ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, noma i-tungsten. Lezi zengezo zithuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okuthamba, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokushisa, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kwezinto eziyisisekelo.
Izinsimbi ze-alloy zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-alloy ephansi (ezinezinto ezihlanganisa i-alloy ezifika ku-8%) kanye nezinhlobo ze-alloy ephezulu, ngayinye eyenzelwe izindawo ezidinga kakhulu. Ezimweni ze-CNC, zivelele ekukhiqizeni izingxenye okumele zibhekane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengegiya, ama-axle, kanye nama-turbine blades.Ukukhetha phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni ne-alloy ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwengxenye, ukuchayeka kwemvelo, izakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. Isibonelo, yize insimbi yekhabhoni inganela izingxenye zesakhiwo ezimweni ezithambile, insimbi ye-alloy ivame ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezicindezela kakhulu noma ezigqwalisayo. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwalezi zinto, izakhiwo, amamaki, kanye nokuziphatha komshini kubalulekile konjiniyela nabakhiqizi ukuze bathuthukise imiklamo, banciphise izindleko, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlala isikhathi eside.
Lesi sihloko sihlola ubunzima bezinsimbi ze-carbon kanye ne-alloy njengezinto zomshini we-CNC. Sizohlola ukwakheka kwazo, izakhiwo ezibalulekile, amamaki ajwayelekile, izinto ezicatshangelwayo zomshini, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinzuzo zokuqhathanisa. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemikhuba yemboni, sihlose ukunikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele kochwepheshe abafuna ukusebenzisa lezi zinsimbi ngempumelelo kumaphrojekthi abo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumklami ochaza izinto noma uchwepheshe wohlelo lwe-CNC, ukuqonda lezi zisekelo kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle ekukhiqizeni ngokunemba.
Insimbi Yekhabhoni: Izakhiwo, Amabanga, kanye Nokusebenza Kwe-CNC
Insimbi yekhabhoni imelela uhlobo lwensimbi olukhiqizwa futhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, olubalelwa cishe ku-90% womkhiqizo wensimbi iyonke. Ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kusekelwe kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: ikhabhoni ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-0.30%), ikhabhoni ephakathi (0.30% kuya ku-0.60%), kanye nekhabhoni ephezulu (ngaphezu kuka-0.60%). Isigaba ngasinye esincane sinikeza izakhiwo ezihlukile zemishini ezithinta ukufaneleka kwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC.
Kusukela ngezinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi, lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi ezithambile ngenxa yokuthamba kwazo kanye nokuqina kwazo. Njengoba amazinga ekhabhoni ngokuvamile ephakathi kuka-0.05% no-0.25%, zibonisa ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokushibilika. Ngokwemishini, izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi zinikeza amandla okukhiqiza acishe abe ngu-350 MPa kanye namandla okudonsa afinyelela ku-420 MPa, kanye nobude lapho kuqhekeka afinyelela ku-15% noma ngaphezulu. Ubulukhuni bazo beBrinell buphansi kakhulu, cishe bungu-121, okwenza zikwazi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Emisebenzini ye-CNC, izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi njengebanga 1018 zithandwa kakhulu ngokwakhiwa kwazo okubushelelezi kwe-chip kanye nokuguguleka okuncane kwamathuluzi. Ibanga 1018, elakhiwe yikhabhoni engu-0.15-0.20% kanye ne-manganese engu-0.6-0.9%, linamandla okudonsa aphelele angu-65 ksi kanye namandla okukhiqiza angu-48 ksi. Livame ukusetshenziswa kuma-shaft, amaphini, kanye nezinamathiselo emikhakheni yezimoto nemishini, lapho ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izinsimbi zekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo zivala igebe phakathi kokuqina kanye namandla, ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kusuka ku-0.30% kuya ku-0.60%. Lawa mabanga ahlinzeka ngokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye namandla okudonsa ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kahle komshini. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi amandla okukhiqiza angu-415 MPa, amandla okudonsa angu-620 MPa, kanye nokwelulwa okungu-25%, kanye nokuqina kukaBrinell cishe ngo-201. Ibanga 1045 liyisibonelo salesi sigaba, linikeza ibhalansi yamandla kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza. Njengoba ikhabhoni iku-0.43-0.50% kanye ne-manganese ku-0.60-0.90%, ifinyelela amandla okudonsa aphezulu angu-105 ksi kanye nokukhiqiza okungu-60 ksi ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa. Ekusebenzeni kwe-CNC, izinsimbi zekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo zidinga ukukhethwa kwamapharamitha ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukwakheka kokushisa okweqile, okungaholela ekuqineni komsebenzi. Zilungele izingxenye ze-hydraulic, ama-axle, kanye namagiya lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana nokushayisana.
Izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, eziqukethe ikhabhoni engaphezu kuka-0.60%, zibeka phambili ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kunokuqina. Izakhiwo lapha zifaka phakathi amandla okukhiqiza afinyelela ku-570 MPa, amandla okudonsa angu-965 MPa, kanye nobude obuphansi ku-9%, kanti ubulukhuni bukaBrinell bufinyelela ku-293. Lezi zinsimbi ziyinselele kakhulu emshinini ngenxa yobuthakathaka bazo kanye nokuthambekela kokwenza ama-hard chips, okuvame ukudinga amathuluzi e-carbide kanye nezinto zokugcoba. Amamaki avamile afana ne-1095 (0.90-1.03% carbon) asetshenziselwa amathuluzi okusika, izipilingi, kanye nemimese. Ezisetshenzisweni ze-CNC, izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu ziyazuza ekufakweni ngaphambi komshini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, kulandelwe ukuqina kokusetshenziswa kokugcina.
Ukukwazi ukusebenza kwezinsimbi zekhabhoni kwehla njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhuphuka. Izinhlobo zekhabhoni ephansi ziphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-100 ku-index ye-machinability), kuyilapho ezinekhabhoni ephezulu zingase zehle ziye ku-50-60. Izici ezithonya ukusebenza kwe-CNC zifaka phakathi isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-coolant. Isibonelo, isivinini esifanele se-1018 singasukela ku-100-150 m/min ngamathuluzi ensimbi asheshayo, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-carbide kuyathandwa ngamamaki anzima ukwandisa impilo yamathuluzi. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kudlala indima ebalulekile; ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile noma ukuthambisa kuthambisa izinto ukuze kususwe ama-chip kalula, kuyilapho ukucima nokushisa kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokugcina.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yekhabhoni ekushicileleni i-CNC kukhulu kakhulu. Embonini yezimoto, amazinga aphansi naphakathi akha izingxenye zenjini, izingxenye ze-chassis, kanye nezinto zokumiswa. I-Aerospace izisebenzisela izinto zesakhiwo ezingabalulekile, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa kuzuza ngamandla azo kuma-fasteners nama-bracket. Umkhakha kawoyela negesi usebenzisa izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu zama-drill bits nama-valve. Sekukonke, izindleko eziphansi zensimbi yekhabhoni—ngokuvamile ezingaphansi ngo-20-30% kune-alloys—zenza kube yinto ebalulekile yokwenza ama-prototyping kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo, kunezinselele. Izinsimbi zekhabhoni zivame ukugqwala ngaphandle kokugqoka okuvikelayo, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle noma olwandle. Izinhlobo zekhabhoni ephezulu zingaqhekeka ngesikhathi sokushisela uma zingashiswanga kusengaphambili, futhi imishini ingase ikhiqize ama-burrs adinga ukususwa kwe-burrs. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-CNC, njengezinhlelo zokulawula eziguquguqukayo, inciphisa lokhu ngokwenza ngcono izindlela nokunciphisa ukudlidliza.
Insimbi Ehlanganisiwe: Izakhiwo Ezithuthukisiwe Zokusetshenziswa Kwe-CNC Okudingayo
Insimbi ye-alloy iphakamisa amakhono ensimbi yekhabhoni ngokwethula izinto zokuhlanganisa ezifanela izidingo ezithile. Ichazwa njengensimbi enezengezo ezihlosiwe ngale kwekhabhoni (ngokuvamile okuqukethwe yi-alloy okungu-1-50%), ifaka izinsimbi ezine-alloy ephansi (kufika ku-8% we-alloy) kanye nezinhlobo ze-alloy ephezulu. Izinto ezivamile njenge-chromium zithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, i-nickel ithuthukisa ukuqina, i-molybdenum ikhulisa amandla okushisa aphezulu, kanti i-vanadium ikhulisa ukumelana nokuguguleka.
Izinsimbi ezisebenzisa i-alloy ephansi, njengebanga 4140 (eziqukethe i-carbon engu-0.38-0.43%, i-chromium engu-0.80-1.10%, kanye ne-molybdenum engu-0.15-0.25%), zinikeza amandla okukhiqiza angaba ngu-655 MPa kanye namandla okudonsa afinyelela ku-950 MPa ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa. Ukusebenza kwazo kulinganiselwe, kulinganiswe ku-65-70, futhi zisabela kahle ekucimeni nasekushiseni amazinga obulukhuni angu-28-32 HRC. Emishinini ye-CNC, lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziselwa izingxenye ezicindezela kakhulu njenge-crankshafts, amagiya, kanye nama-axle emishinini yezimoto neyosindayo. Izinto ezengeziwe zinciphisa ukuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ze-carbon ezifanayo, okuvumela ukumelana okungcono komthelela.
Izinsimbi ezine-alloy ephezulu zifaka izinto ezengeziwe eziqinile, ezivame ukwedlula i-10% ye-chromium yezakhiwo ezifana ne-stainless ngaphandle kokuba ne-stainless ngokuphelele. Amabanga afana ne-4340 (ane-nickel, i-chromium, ne-molybdenum) anikeza amandla angavamile—anikeza kufika ku-860 MPa—kanye nokumelana nokukhathala, okwenza zifanelekele izinto zokufika ezindiza kanye nezingxenye ze-oyela rig. Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza lapha buphansi, cishe bungu-50, ngenxa yokuqina okwandisiwe, kodwa amasu e-CNC afana nokugaya i-trochoidal asiza ukuphatha ukushisa kanye nokuguguleka kwamathuluzi.
Izakhiwo zezinsimbi ze-alloy ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kodwa ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi amandla aphezulu okubamba (kufika ku-1,200 MPa), ukuguquguquka okungcono, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ze-carbon. Isibonelo, izinsimbi ze-alloy zingagcina ubuqotho emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500°C, okulungele ama-turbine blades noma ama-petrochemical valve. Ukumelana nokugqwala kukhuliswa kuma-alloy acebile nge-chromium, okunciphisa isidingo sokumboza.
Emishinini ye-CNC, izinsimbi ze-alloy zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile, njenge-carbide eboshwe noma i-ceramic inserts, ukuze zibhekane nokuqina kwazo. Amapharamitha okusika angafaka phakathi isivinini esingu-60-100 m/min sokubhoboza kanye nokudla okungu-0.1-0.2 mm/rev, kanye ne-coolant yezikhukhula ukuze kususwe ukushisa. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangaphambi komshini njengokunamathisela kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwe-chip, kuyilapho izinqubo zangemuva komshini ziqinisekisa ukuzinza kobukhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganisa imikhakha ebalulekile. Ezindiza, izinsimbi ze-alloy zakha izikhonkwane zenjini kanye nohlaka lwesakhiwo. Imboni yezimoto ithembele kuzo ukuze ithole izingxenye zokudlulisa kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa. Izinsimbi ze-alloy zisebenzisa uwoyela negesi kumapayipi kanye nama-drill collars, lapho ukumelana nokuguguleka kubalulekile khona. Ama-bearings, izipringi, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ezindaweni zokuvala zikagesi nazo ziyazuza ekuqineni kwazo.
Izinsimbi zamathuluzi, ingxenye encane yezinsimbi ze-alloy, kufanele zikhunjulwe ngokuqina kwazo okukhulu (kufika ku-65 HRC) kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka. Amabanga afana ne-H13, ane-chromium ne-vanadium, asebenza ngomshini nge-CNC ukuze asetshenziswe kuma-dies nama-mold, yize edinga isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokusetha okuqinile ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka.
Izinselele ngezinsimbi ze-alloy zifaka phakathi izindleko eziphakeme—ngokuvamile ezingama-50-100% ngaphezu kwezinsimbi ze-carbon—kanye namathuba okuphambuka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zazo ezithuthukisiwe zithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Carbon ne-Alloy Steel ku-CNC Machining
Uma ukhetha phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni ne-alloy yomshini wokugaya we-CNC, kunezinto eziningana ezibandakanyekayo. Insimbi yekhabhoni ihamba phambili ngezindleko kanye nokulula komshini wokugaya, ngamamaki aphansi ekhabhoni anikeza ukushibilika kanye nokwakheka okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ayinakho ukugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza ingafaneleki kahle ezindaweni ezinzima.
Insimbi ye-alloy, ngezithuthukisi zayo eziklanyelwe wena, inikeza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwamandla, ukuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zokumelana, kodwa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe kanye nentengo. Isibonelo, ithebula lokuqhathanisa liqokomisa:
Property | Insimbi Yekhabhoni (isb., 1045) | Insimbi Yengxubevange (isb., 4140) |
|---|---|---|
I-Yield Strength (MPa) | 415-570 | 655-860 |
Amandla | Phezulu (70-100) | Okulingene (50-70) |
Ukuphikiswa Kwe-Corrosion | ongaphakeme | Maphakathi kuya phezulu |
Cost | Okuphakathi nendawo | Okulingene okulingene |
Izicelo | Isakhiwo esijwayelekile | Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu, okugqwalisayo |
Ezimweni ze-CNC, insimbi yekhabhoni ifanelana nezingxenye ezisheshayo zokwenziwa kweprototype kanye nezingxenye ezingezona ezibalulekile, kuyilapho insimbi ye-alloy ikhethwa kakhulu ngezingxenye ezinembile ezingaphansi komthwalo.
Izindlela ze-hybrid, njengokusebenzisa ama-core ensimbi yekhabhoni anezimbozo ze-alloy, zingathuthukisa izinzuzo.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwensimbi Yekhabhoni Nensimbi Ye-Alloy Emishinini Ye-CNC
1. Umehluko Wokwakheka OkuyinhlokoCE
Umehluko oyinhloko usekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali. I-Carbon Steel isekelwe ensimbini, equkethe i-carbon engu-0.0218% ~ 2.11% njengento eyinhloko enokuqukethwe okuphansi kokungcola. Ihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe kwe-carbon: insimbi ene-carbon ephansi (<0.25%, isib. Q235) ithambile futhi ipulasitiki; insimbi ene-carbon ephakathi (0.25% ~ 0.6%, isib., insimbi engu-45#) ilinganisa amandla kanye ne-plasticity; insimbi ene-carbon ephezulu (<0.6%, isib., T10) iqinile kodwa iyaphuka.
Insimbi ye-alloy yenziwa ngokungeza izinto zokuhlanganisa ngamabomu (i-chromium, i-nickel, njll., okuqukethwe okuphelele okungu-1% ~ amashumi amaphesenti) ensimbi yekhabhoni, njenge-42CrMo ukuze kuqiniswe amandla kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-304 yokumelana nokugqwala, okushintsha kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo komshini.
2. Igebe Lokusebenza Lokusika I-CNC
Ukumelana nokusika: Ukumelana nensimbi yekhabhoni kuncike kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni—insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ivumela ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ikhabhoni ephakathi iyasebenza kahle, kanti ikhabhoni ephezulu idinga isivinini esincishisiwe. Ukumelana nokusika kwensimbi ye-alloy kuphakeme ngo-20% ~ 50% kunensimbi yekhabhoni efanayo ngenxa yama-carbide aqinile avela ezintweni ezixubayo.
Ukushabalalisa Ukushisa: Insimbi yekhabhoni inomoya omuhle wokushisa, igcina amazinga okushisa okusebenza ephansi futhi ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kuhamba kancane. Insimbi ye-alloy ishabalalisa ukushisa kabi, amazinga okushisa onqenqemeni avame ukwedlula u-800℃ (isb., insimbi engagqwali engu-304), edinga ukupholisa ngomfutho ophezulu ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamathuluzi nokusha kwezingxenye zomsebenzi.
3. Izindlela Zokukhetha Amathuluzi
Insimbi yekhabhoni: Izidingo eziphansi—i-HSS noma i-carbide eqinisiwe yensimbi ephansi/ephakathi nendawo; i-carbide eqinisiwe ye-cobalt ephezulu (isb., i-YG8) yensimbi ephansi. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angagqokwanga noma agqokwe nge-TiCN, anemiphetho ebukhali (<0.1mm) yensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni kanye nemiphetho ecijile (0.1~0.2mm) yensimbi ephansi/ephezulu yekhabhoni.
Insimbi ye-alloy: Izidingo eziphezulu—Izembozo ze-TiAlN/CrN, imiphetho ethuthukisiwe ecijile (0.2~0.5mm), kanye nezinto zamathuluzi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushayisana.
4. Izimo Zokusebenzisa kanye Neziphakamiso Zokukhetha
Insimbi ekhabhoni ephansi (10#, Q235): Ifanelekela amabhawodi, ama-casing—izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Insimbi ekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo (45#): Ilungele amagiya, imiphini—ukusebenza okulinganiselayo, okungcono kakhulu
izinto ezivamile zokusebenzela.
Insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu (T8, T10): Isetshenziselwa amathuluzi, izikhunta—idinga isivinini esisheshayo kanye nokupholisa okunamandla.
Insimbi ye-alloy (42CrMo, 304): Ifanela ama-crankshaft ezimoto, izingxenye zezindiza—ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme.
I-6. Isifingqo
Umehluko wokusebenza kwezinsimbi phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili uvela ekungalingani kokwakheka. Ukuqonda kahle lokhu kungafani kunganciphisa ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi ngaphezu kuka-30% futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle ngo-20%. Ukusungula isizindalwazi "senqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo nethuluzi" kusiza ukufeza ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-CNC okunembe kakhulu.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwemishini kanye Nemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu
Ukucubungula izinsimbi ze-carbon ne-alloy ngempumelelo nge-CNC kudinga ukunakwa kwamathuluzi, amapharamitha, kanye namasu. Amathuluzi e-carbide ajwayelekile kuzo zombili, kodwa ama-alloy angadinga izinhlobo ezimbozwe nge-CVD ukuze aphile isikhathi eside. Ukusika uketshezi kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ze-carbon ephezulu noma ze-alloy ezivame ukusebenza kanzima.
Amapharamitha ayahlukahluka: ngezinsimbi zekhabhoni, isivinini esiphezulu (120-180 m/min) kanye nokuphakelwa (0.15-0.3 mm/rev); ngama-alloy, aphansi (80-120 m/min) ukuphatha ukushisa. Ukusethwa komshini oqinile kunciphisa ukudlidliza, kanti isofthiwe ye-CAM yenza ngcono izindlela zokusebenza kahle.
Izinselele ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukulawula ama-chip—ukusebenzisa ama-chip breaker—nokuqeda ubuso, okuxazululwa ngokupholisha. Izinqubo zokuphepha, njengokungenisa umoya okufanele kwentuthu, zibalulekile.
Intuthuko efana nomshini wokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu (i-HSM) kanye nokupholisa okubangelwa yi-cryogenic kuthuthukisa imiphumela yalezi zinto.
Isiphetho
Izinsimbi zekhabhoni ne-alloy zisalokhu zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC, zinikeza izici eziningi kusukela ekuthengeni kalula kanye nokulula kwezinhlobo zekhabhoni kuya ekuqineni okuthuthukisiwe kwe-alloy. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kwazo, amamaki, kanye nokuziphatha, abakhiqizi bangakhetha kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela ezinamathiselweni zansuku zonke kuya ezingxenyeni zezindiza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, lezi zinto zizoqhubeka nokushayela ubuhlakani kubunjiniyela bokunemba, zilinganise ukusebenza nokusebenza.