I-Aluminium Yezinto Zokusebenza Zemishini ze-CNC
I-Aluminium ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswe kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla. Eqinisweni, izinqubo zokugaya ze-aluminium CNC zilandela insimbi ngokwemvamisa yokusebenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngendlela yayo emsulwa kakhulu, i-aluminiyam yamakhemikhali ithambile, ithambile, ayisebenzi kumagnetic, futhi ibukeka imhlophe njengesiliva. Kodwa-ke, i-aluminiyam ayisetshenziswa kuphela ngendlela emsulwa. I-aluminiyam ivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-manganese, ithusi kanye ne-magnesium ukuze kwakhiwe amakhulu e-aluminiyam alloys anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Lesi sihloko sihlola izinqubo, amathuluzi, amapharamitha, kanye nezinselele ezihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC kwe-aluminium kanye nama-alloy ayo. Siphinde sixoxe ngezakhiwo ze-aluminium, ama-alloy athandwa kakhulu asetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Amandla
I-Aluminium yakhiwa kalula, yasebenza, futhi yashintshwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Ingasikwa ngokushesha nangokulula ngamathuluzi omshini ngoba ithambile futhi iyaqhekeka kalula. Futhi ayibizi kakhulu futhi idinga amandla amancane omshini kunensimbi. Lezi zici zinenzuzo enkulu kokubili kumenzi wemishini kanye nekhasimende eli-oda ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwe-aluminium kusho ukuthi ayiguquki kahle ngesikhathi somshini. Lokhu kuholela ekunembeni okuphezulu njengoba kuvumela imishini ye-CNC ukuthi ifinyelele ukubekezelelana okuphezulu.
I-Strength-to-weight Ratio
I-Aluminium cishe iyingxenye yesithathu yobuningi bensimbi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe lula kakhulu. Naphezu kokulula kwayo, i-aluminium inamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamandla kanye nesisindo esilula kuchazwa njengesilinganiso samandla nesisindo sezinto zokwakha. Isilinganiso samandla nesisindo esiphezulu se-Aluminium senza ifaneleke ezingxenyeni ezidingekayo ezimbonini eziningana njengezimboni zezimoto nezindiza.
Ukuphikiswa Kwe-Corrosion
I-Aluminium imelana nokuklwebheka futhi imelana nokugqwala ezimweni ezivamile zasolwandle kanye nezomkhathi. Ungathuthukisa lezi zakhiwo ngokufaka i-anodizing. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kuyahlukahluka emabangeni ahlukene e-aluminium. Amamaki avame ukusetshenziswa ngomshini we-CNC anokumelana okukhulu.
Ukusebenza Ezindaweni Zokushisa Eziphansi
Izinto eziningi zivame ukulahlekelwa ezinye zezakhiwo zazo ezifiselekayo emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero. Isibonelo, kokubili izinsimbi zekhabhoni kanye nerabha ziyaqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-aluminium, nayo, igcina ukuthamba kwayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kanye namandla emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kukagesi
Ukuqhuba kukagesi kwe-aluminium emsulwa kungama-siemens ayizigidi ezingu-37.7 ngemitha ekushiseni kwegumbi. Nakuba ama-alloy e-aluminium angaba nokuqhuba okuphansi kune-aluminium emsulwa, aqhuba ngokwanele ukuthi izingxenye zawo zisetshenziswe ezingxenyeni zikagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-aluminium ingaba yinto engafanele uma ukuqhuba kukagesi kungeyona isici esifiselekayo sengxenye esetshenzisiwe.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha
Njengoba kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza ethatha indawo encane, izinqubo zokugaya ze-CNC zikhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-chip, okuyizinto ezilahliwe. I-Aluminium ingasetshenziswa kabusha kakhulu okusho ukuthi idinga amandla aphansi, umzamo, kanye nezindleko zokuphinda isetshenziswe. Lokhu kwenza kube ngcono kulabo abafuna ukubuyisa izindleko noma ukunciphisa ukumosheka kwezinto. Kwenza futhi i-aluminium ibe yinto enobungani nemvelo emshinini.
I-Anodisation Amathuba
I-Anodisation, okuyinqubo yokuqeda ubuso eyandisa ukuguguleka nokugqwala kwento, kulula ukuyifeza nge-aluminium. Le nqubo yenza kube lula nokufaka umbala ezingxenyeni ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomshini.
Ama-Aluminium Alloys adumile we-CNC Machining
Ngokwesipiliyoni sethu ku-Xometry, amazinga e-aluminium amahlanu alandelayo angenye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni i-CNC.
EN AW-2007 / 3.1645 / AlCuMgPb
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.1645; EN 573-3; I-AlCu4PbMgMn.
Le ngxubevange ye-aluminium inethusi njengesakhi sayo esiyinhloko sokuxuba (4-5%) sethusi. Iyingxubevange emfushane ehlala isikhathi eside, elula, esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi inezakhiwo ezifanayo zemishini njenge-AW 2030. Ifaneleka futhi ekuhlanganiseni intambo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nokulungisa ngesivinini esikhulu. Zonke lezi zakhiwo zenza i-EN AW 2007 isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zomshini, amabhawodi, ama-rivets, amantongomane, izikulufo, kanye nemigoqo enezintambo. Kodwa-ke, leli banga le-aluminium linokumelana okuphansi kokushibilika kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuphansi; ngakho-ke kunconywa ukwenza i-anodising yokuvikela ngemuva kokulungisa ingxenye.
EN AW-5083 / 3.3547 / Al-Mg4,5Mn
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.3547; Ingxubevange 5083; EN 573-3; I-UNS A95083; I-ASTM B209; I-AlMg4.5Mn0.7
I-AW 5083 idume ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinzima. Iqukethe i-magnesium kanye ne-chromium encane kanye ne-manganese. Leli banga linamandla aphezulu kakhulu okugqwala kokubili ezindaweni zamakhemikhali nezasolwandle. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-alloy ezingashisi ukushisa, i-AW 5080 inamandla aphezulu kakhulu; isici esigcina ngisho nangemva kokushisela. Nakuba le ngxube akufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu kuno-65°C, iphumelela kakhulu ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa aphansi khona.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezifiselekayo, i-AW 5080 isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokusebenza okuhlanganisa imishini ye-cryogenic, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle, imishini yokucindezela, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ezishisiwe, kanye nemizimba yezimoto.
I-EN AW 5754 / 3.3535 / Al-Mg3
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.3535; Ingxubevange 5754; EN 573-3; U21NS A95754; ASTM B 209; Al-Mg3.
Njengoba iyi-aluminium-magnesium alloy eyenziwe ngomshini ene-% ephezulu kakhulu ye-aluminium, i-AW 5754 ingagoqwa, ihlanganiswe, futhi ikhishwe. Ayikwazi futhi ukushiswa futhi ingasetshenziswa ebanda ukuze yandise amandla ayo, kodwa ilula kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxube inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala futhi inamandla aphezulu. Uma ubheka lezi zakhiwo, kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-AW 5754 ingenye yezinhlobo ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomshini ze-CNC ezithandwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezihlanganisiwe, ezisetshenziswa phansi, emishinini yokudoba, ezimotweni, ekucubunguleni ukudla, kanye nasezintweni ezinamathelayo.
EN AW-6060 / 3.3206 / Al-MgSi
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.3206; I-ISO 6361; I-UNS A96060; I-ASTM B 221; I-AlMgSi0,5
Lena i-aluminium eyenziwe nge-magnesium ne-silicon. Ingelapheka ngokushisa futhi inamandla ajwayelekile, iyakwazi ukushibilika kahle, futhi iyakwazi ukwakheka kahle. Iphinde imelane kakhulu nokugqwala; isici esingathuthukiswa nakakhulu ngokufaka i-anodizing. I-EN AW 6060 ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni, ekucubunguleni ukudla, emishinini yezokwelapha, kanye nasebunjiniyelani bezimoto.
EN AW-7075 / 3.4365 / Al-Zn6MgCu
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.4365; I-UNS A96082; H30; I-Al-Zn6MgCu.
I-Zinc iyinto eyinhloko yokuhlanganisa kule ngxenye ye-aluminium. Nakuba i-EN AW 7075 inamandla okusebenza kahle, izakhiwo ezimbi zokwakha ubanda, futhi ayifaneleki kokubili ukushisela kanye nokunamathisela; inesilinganiso samandla aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nezindawo zomkhathi nezolwandle, kanye namandla afana nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi. Le ngxube isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezifaka phakathi i-hang glider kanye nohlaka lwamabhayisikili, imishini yokukhwela amatshe, izikhali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi okubumba.
EN AW-6061 / 3.3211 / Al-Mg1SiCu
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.3211, UNS A96061, A6061, Al-Mg1SiCu.
Le ngxube iqukethe i-magnesium ne-silicon njengezinto zayo eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa ezinenani elincane lethusi. Njengoba inamandla okunamathela angu-180Mpa, le ngxube enamandla aphezulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni ezigcwele kakhulu njengezicafu, izinqola zesitimela, izingxenye zomshini nezezindiza.
EN AW-6082 / 3.2315 / Al-Si1Mg
Ezinye izindlela zokuqamba: 3.2315, UNS A96082, A-SGM0,7, Al-Si1Mg.
Ngokuvamile yakhiwe ngokugoqa kanye nokukhipha, le ngxube inamandla aphakathi nendawo futhi iyakwazi ukushibilika kahle kakhulu kanye nokushisa. Inamandla okuqhekeka kokugqwala anokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Inamandla okudonseka asukela ku-140 kuya ku-330MPa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni olwandle nasezitsheni.
Izinqubo Zomshini We-Aluminium CNC
Ungasebenza nge-aluminium ngezinqubo eziningana zomshini we-CNC ezitholakalayo namuhla. Ezinye zalezi zinqubo zilandelayo.
I-CNC Turning
Emisebenzini yokujika ye-CNC, i-workpiece iyajikeleza, kuyilapho ithuluzi lokusika elinephuzu elilodwa lihlala limile eceleni kwe-axis yalo. Kuye ngomshini, i-workpiece noma ithuluzi lokusika lenza ukunyakaza kokuphakelayo ngokumelene nelinye ukuze kufezwe ukususwa kwezinto.
CNC Milling
Imisebenzi yokugaya ye-CNC isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni izingxenye ze-aluminium. Le misebenzi ihilela ukuzungeza ukusika okunamaphoyinti amaningi eceleni kwe-axis yayo, kuyilapho umsebenzi uhlala ungashintshi eceleni kwe-axis yayo. Isenzo sokusika kanye nokususwa kwezinto kamuva kufezwa ngokunyakaza kokudla kwengxenye yomsebenzi, ithuluzi lokusika, noma kokubili kuhlangene. Lokhu kunyakaza kungenziwa ngezimbazo eziningi.
Ukufaka ephaketheni
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pocket milling, i-pocketing iwuhlobo lwe-CNC milling lapho iphakethe elingenalutho lifakwa khona ngomshini engxenyeni ethile.
Ukubhekana
Ukulungisa ubuso emishinini kuhilela ukudala indawo eyisicaba ewela phezu kobuso bomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukujika ubuso noma ukugaya ubuso.
Ukushayela kwe-CNC
Ukubhoboza nge-CNC inqubo yokwenza imbobo endaweni yokusebenza. Kulo msebenzi, ithuluzi lokusika elijikelezayo elinamaphoyinti amaningi lobukhulu obuthile lihamba ngomugqa oqondile liqonde phezulu endaweni ezobhobozwa, ngaleyo ndlela lidale imbobo ngempumelelo.
Amathuluzi Omshini Wokwenza I-Aluminium
Kunezici eziningana ezithonya ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-aluminium CNC.
Ukwakhiwa Kwamathuluzi
Kunezici ezahlukene ze-geometry yamathuluzi ezifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kahle kwawo ekushicileleni i-aluminium. Enye yalezi yinani lazo lemibhobho. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ubunzima ekususweni kwama-chip ngesivinini esikhulu, amathuluzi okusika omshini we-aluminium CNC kufanele abe nemibhobho emi-2-3. Inani eliphezulu lemibhobho liholela ezigodini ezincane zemibhobho. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ama-chip amakhulu akhiqizwa yi-aluminium alloys abambeke. Uma amandla okusika ephansi futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwama-chip kubalulekile enkambisweni, kufanele usebenzise imibhobho emi-2. Ukuze uthole ibhalansi ephelele yokuhlukaniswa kwama-chip namandla amathuluzi, sebenzisa imibhobho emi-3.
I-Angle ye-Helix
I-engeli ye-helix iyi-engeli ephakathi komugqa ophakathi wethuluzi kanye ne-tangent yomugqa oqondile eceleni komphetho wokusika. Kuyisici esibalulekile samathuluzi okusika. Ngenkathi i-engeli ye-helix ephezulu isusa ama-chips engxenyeni ngokushesha, yandisa ukungqubuzana nokushisa ngesikhathi sokusika. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ama-chips ashiselwe ebusweni bethuluzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza nge-aluminium CNC ngesivinini esikhulu. I-engeli ye-helix ephansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqiza ukushisa okuncane kodwa ingase ingasusi ama-chips ngempumelelo. Kokusebenza nge-aluminium, i-engeli ye-helix engu-35° noma engu-40° ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwe-roughing, kanti i-engeli ye-helix engu-45° ingcono kakhulu ekuqedeni.
I-Angle yokusula
I-engeli yokuvula isici esinye esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwethuluzi. I-engeli enkulu kakhulu ingabangela ithuluzi ukuthi lingene emsebenzini futhi likhulume. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-engeli encane kakhulu ingabangela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi. Ama-engeli okuvula aphakathi kuka-6° no-10° angcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aluminium CNC.
Ithuluzi Material
I-Carbide iyinto ekhethwayo yamathuluzi okusika asetshenziswa ekushiseni kwe-aluminium CNC. Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium iwukusika okuthambile, okubalulekile ethuluzini lokusika le-aluminium akuwona ubulukhuni, kodwa ikhono lokugcina umkhawulo obukhali we-razor. Leli khono likhona kumathuluzi e-carbide futhi kuncike ezintweni ezimbili, usayizi we-carbide grain kanye nesilinganiso se-binder. Ngenkathi usayizi we-grain omkhulu uphumela ezintweni eziqinile, usayizi we-grain omncane uqinisekisa izinto eziqinile, ezingathinteki kakhulu okuyimpahla esiyidingayo. Izinhlamvu ezincane zidinga i-cobalt ukuze kufezwe isakhiwo se-grain esihle kanye namandla ezinto.
Kodwa-ke, i-cobalt isabela ne-aluminium emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, yakha unqenqema lwe-aluminium oluqongelelwe phezu kwethuluzi. Isihluthulelo ukusebenzisa ithuluzi le-carbide elinenani elifanele le-cobalt (2-20%), ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kusabela, ngenkathi kusagcinwa amandla adingekayo. Amathuluzi e-carbide ngokuvamile akwazi ukumelana kangcono kunamathuluzi ensimbi, isivinini esiphezulu esihlotshaniswa nomshini we-aluminium CNC.
Ngaphezu kwezinto zamathuluzi, ukumbozwa kwamathuluzi kuyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokusika amathuluzi. I-ZrN (i-Zirconium Nitride), i-TiB2 (i-Titanium di-Boride), kanye nokumbozwa okufana nedayimane kungenye yezingubo ezifanele zamathuluzi asetshenziswa ekushiseni i-aluminium CNC.
Okuphakelayo kanye nesivinini
Ijubane lokusika yijubane lapho ithuluzi lokusika lijikeleza khona. I-aluminium ingamelana nesivinini sokusika esiphezulu kakhulu ngakho-ke ijubane lokusika lama-alloy e-aluminium lincike emikhawulweni yomshini osetshenziswayo. Ijubane kufanele libe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aluminium CNC, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okwakheka kwemiphetho eyakhelwe phezulu, konga isikhathi, kunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa engxenyeni, kuthuthukisa ukuphuka kwe-chip, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqeda. Ijubane eliqondile elisetshenziswayo liyahlukahluka ngokwe-alloy ye-aluminium kanye nobubanzi bethuluzi.
Izinga lokuphakelwa yibanga elihanjiswa yi-workpiece noma ithuluzi ngokuzungeza ngakunye kwethuluzi. Ukuphakelwa okusetshenzisiwe kuncike ekuqedeni okufiswayo, amandla, kanye nokuqina kwe-workpiece. Ukusikwa okuqinile kudinga ukuphakelwa okungu-0.15 kuya ku-2.03 mm/rev kuyilapho ukuqedwa kokusikwa kudinga ukuphakelwa okungu-0.05 kuya ku-0.15 mm/rev.
Ukusika Uketshezi
Naphezu kobuchwepheshe bayo bokusebenza, ungalokothi unqume i-aluminium yome ngoba lokhu kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwemiphetho eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uketshezi lokusika olufanele lomshini we-aluminium CNC yi-emulsions yamafutha ancibilikayo kanye namafutha amaminerali. Gwema ukusika uketshezi oluqukethe i-chlorine noma i-sulphur esebenzayo njengoba lezi zinto zingcolisa i-aluminium.
Post-machining Izinqubo
Ngemva kokulungisa ingxenye ye-aluminium, kunezinqubo ezithile ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthuthukise izici zomzimba, zemishini, kanye nobuhle bengxenye. Izinqubo ezivame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo.
Ukuqhumisa Ubuhlalu Nesihlabathi
Ukuqhumisa ubuhlalu kuyinqubo yokuqeda ngezinjongo zobuhle. Kule nqubo, ingxenye efakwe umshini iqhumisa ubuhlalu obuncane beglasi kusetshenziswa isibhamu somoya esicindezelwe kakhulu, ukususa izinto ngempumelelo nokuqinisekisa indawo ebushelelezi. Kunikeza i-aluminium ukuqeda kwe-satin noma okungacwebezeli. Imingcele eyinhloko yenqubo yokuqhumisa ubuhlalu ubukhulu bebuhlalu beglasi kanye nenani lokucindezela komoya osetshenzisiwe. Sebenzisa le nqubo kuphela uma ukubekezelelana kobukhulu bengxenye kungabalulekile.
Ezinye izinqubo zokuqeda zifaka phakathi ukupholisha nokupenda.
esinemthombo
Lokhu kuhilela ukumboza ingxenye ye-aluminium ngenye into efana ne-zinc, i-nickel, ne-chrome. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zezingxenye futhi kungafezwa ngezinqubo ze-electrochemical.
I-anodising
I-Anodising inqubo ye-electrochemical lapho ingxenye ye-aluminium ifakwa khona esixazululweni se-sulfuric acid exutshwe, bese kufakwa i-voltage kagesi kuyo yonke i-cathode ne-anode. Le nqubo iguqula ngempumelelo izindawo eziveziwe zengxenye zibe yi-aluminium oxide eqinile, engasasebenzi ngogesi. Ubuningi kanye nobukhulu be-coating edalwe kuncike ekuqineni kwesisombululo, isikhathi se-anodising, kanye nogesi. Ungase futhi wenze i-anodising ukuze ufake umbala engxenyeni.
Ukugqoka i-Powder
Inqubo yokumboza ngempuphu ihilela ukumboza ingxenye ngempuphu ye-polymer enemibala, kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokufutha esisebenza ngogesi. Ingxenye bese ishiywa ukuze iphole ekushiseni okungu-200°C. Ukumboza ngempuphu kuthuthukisa amandla nokumelana nokuguguleka, ukugqwala, kanye nokushayiswa.
Ukwelashwa Ngokushisa
Izingxenye ezenziwe ngama-alloy e-aluminium alapheka ngokushisa zingase ziphathwe ngokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zazo zemishini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomshini ze-CNC embonini
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-aluminium alloys anezakhiwo eziningi ezifiselekayo. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomshini we-CNC zibalulekile ezimbonini eziningana, okuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
- I-Aerospace: ngenxa yesilinganiso sayo samandla aphezulu nesisindo, izinto eziningana zokufakelwa kwezindiza zenziwe nge-aluminium emshinini;
- Izithuthi: njengemboni yezindiza, izingxenye eziningana ezifana nemigodi nezinye izingxenye embonini yezimoto zenziwe nge-aluminium;
- Electrical: njengoba inezinjini zikagesi eziphezulu, izingxenye ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomshini we-CNC zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezintweni zikagesi;
- Ukudla/Imithi: ngoba azisabelani nezinto eziningi eziphilayo, izingxenye ze-aluminium zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokudla kanye neyokwelapha;
- Sports: i-aluminium ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imishini yezemidlalo efana nama-baseball bat kanye nezimpempe zemidlalo;
- Cryogenics: ikhono le-aluminium lokugcina izakhiwo zayo zemishini emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero, lenza izingxenye ze-aluminium zifiseleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cryogenic.