Ulwazi lweMishini ye-CNC
Qhubeka uphucula ubuchwepheshe bethu boomatshini be-CNC kunye nobuchule bemveliso

Inkqubo yokuVelisa iinxalenye zeLathe zeMetal Small

Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ze-lathe zesinyithi ezincinci kumela isiseko sobunjineli obuchanekileyo, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezibalulekileyo kumashishini aqala kwi-aerospace nakwiimoto ukuya kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezonyango. I-lathe yesinyithi sisixhobo somatshini esijikeleza i-workpiece kwi-axis yaso ukuze senze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efana nokusika, ukusanta, ukugoba, ukubhola, okanye ukuguqulwa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-workpiece ukwenza into enokulingana malunga ne-axis. Xa kugxilwe kwiindawo ezincinci—ngokuqhelekileyo ezo zingaphantsi kwe-1-2 intshi ububanzi okanye ubude—inkqubo ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye nokucwangcisa ngononophelo ukuphepha iziphene ezifana nokugoba, ukwaphuka, okanye ukungachaneki kobukhulu.
 
Izinto ezincinci ezenziwe nge-lathe yesinyithi ziquka izinto ezifana neepini, ii-bushings, ii-shafts, ii-flanges, amantongomane, kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ezi zinto zihlala ziveliswa ngobuninzi obukhulu bokwenziwa ngobuninzi okanye ngobuninzi obuphantsi bokwenza iiprototyping. Inkqubo iqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto kunye noyilo, iqhubekeka ngokuseta kunye nokulungisa, kwaye iphetha ngokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. Ngokungafaniyo nokuveliswa okukhulu, iindawo ezincinci zifuna ingqalelo yokuphambuka kwezixhobo, ulawulo lokungcangcazela, kunye nolawulo lobushushu, njengoko neempazamo ezincinci zinokwenza inxalenye ingasetyenziswa.
 

Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ezincinci ze-lathe yesinyithi kubandakanya ukujika kwe-CNC (umatshini we-lathe) kwiimilo ze-cylindrical, apho isiqwenga somsebenzi esijikelezayo sisikwa sisixhobo esingashukumiyo, sidla ngokuba nezixhobo eziphilayo kwizixhobo ezinzima ezifana nemisonto kunye nee-grooves, okanye i-Metal Injection Molding (MIM) kwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, eziveliswa ngobuninzi, ukudibanisa umgubo wesinyithi kunye nezihlanganisi, kulandele ukuhluza kunye nokusila ukuze kubekho uxinano. Inkqubo iqala ngezinto eziluhlaza (i-bar stock okanye umgubo), isebenzisa oomatshini abacwangcisiweyo (i-CNC lathes) ukuze kube ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ingabandakanya amanyathelo okugqiba afana nokuqhumisa iintsimbi okanye ukuplata umgangatho womphezulu. 

Iinkqubo eziphambili zeenxalenye zeLathe

Ukuveliswa kwe iindawo zelathe—ngokwesiqhelo izinto ezisilinda okanye ezijikelezayo ezenziwe ngeentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminium, intsimbi engatyiwayo, okanye i-titanium—zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphambili. Ezi ndlela ziguqula izinto eziluhlaza zibe ziindawo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo ezisetyenziswa kumashishini afana neemoto, i-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, i-elektroniki, kunye noomatshini. Inkqubo ephambili yile Ukujika kwe-CNCkodwa ezinye iindlela ezifana ukubumba inaliti yentsimbi (MIM) kunye neendlela ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokusila okanye ukusasaza zijongana neemfuno ezithile, ingakumbi kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo okanye kwimveliso ephezulu.
1. Ukujika kwe-CNC (uMatshini): Inkqubo ePhambili yeeNdawo zeLathe
Ukujika kwe-CNC, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CNC lathe machining, yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvelisa izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba (subtractive machining) zokuvelisa iindawo ze-lathe. Igqwesile ekudaleni iimilo ezisilinda, amanyathelo, ii-tapers, imisonto, ii-grooves, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezilinganayo nge-axial ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kunye nokuphindaphinda.Kwiseti eqhelekileyo, isitokhwe sentsimbi eluhlaza (esidla ngokuba singqukuva, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinobukhulu obuyihektha okanye obuyiskwere) sibotshelelwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi chuck iqhotyoshelwe kwi-spindle yomatshini. I-spindle ijikeleza i-workpiece ngesantya esiphezulu—ngesiqhelo amawaka e-RPM—ngelixa isixhobo sokusika esingashukumiyo sendawo enye singeniswa kwisixhobo. Ulawulo lwenani lekhompyutha (CNC) lukhokela intshukumo yesixhobo ecaleni IX-axis (i-radial, ibhekise okanye isuke embindini wendlela) kwaye I-Z-axis (i-longitudinal, kubude benxalenye). Le ntshukumo idibeneyo isusa umaleko wezinto ngokwamaleko, ibumba inxalenye ngokwekhowudi ye-G ecwangcisiweyo eyenziwe kwiimodeli ze-CAD.Imisebenzi esisiseko ibandakanya:
  • Ukujongana: Ukudala umphezulu othe tyaba.
  • Ukurhawuzelela nokugqiba: Ukususa izinto ezinkulu uze ufumane iindawo ezigudileyo neziqinileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ± 0.0005 intshi okanye ngaphezulu).
  • Ububanzi bokujika: Ukuvelisa amacandelo athe tye okanye ajikelezileyo.
  • zomsonto: Ukusikwa kwemisonto yangaphandle okanye yangaphakathi.
  • Ukutsala: Ukwenza imijelo ye-O-ring, imijelo ye-snap-ring, okanye iimpawu zokwahlukana.
Iilathe ze-CNC zanamhlanje zihlala zifaka izixhobo eziphilayo, nto leyo eyongeza ukuguquguquka okuphawulekayo. Izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo zizinto ezijikelezayo (ezisebenza nge-turret yomatshini) ezisebenza njengee-end mills ezincinci okanye ii-drill. Zivumela imisebenzi engekho axis—ezifana nee-milling flats, ukubhola imingxuma enqamlezileyo, ukutshixa, okanye ukucofa—ngaphandle kokususa inxalenye kwi-lathe nokuyidlulisela kumatshini wokutshiza owahlukileyo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokuseta, kunciphisa iimpazamo zokuphatha, kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendawo ezineempawu ezixutyiweyo (umz., i-shaft ene-diameters ezijikiweyo kunye nee-hex flats ezijikiweyo okanye imingxuma ye-radial ejikiweyo). Izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ziguqula i-lathe yendabuko ibe yindawo yokwenza imisebenzi emininzi, idla ngokuba nokukwazi i-Y-axis yokugaya okuntsonkothileyo ngakumbi.
 
Kwizinto ezincinci kakhulu, ezintsonkothileyo, okanye ezichanekileyo kakhulu—ezifana nezikrufu zonyango, izinto zewotshi, okanye izixhobo zeenqwelo-moya—Machining Swiss (Iilathe ze-CNC zohlobo lwaseSwitzerland) zinika ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo nokujika kwe-CNC okuqhelekileyo, apho umsebenzi ubanjwa kwelinye icala okanye kuzo zombini iziphelo kwi-chuck, oomatshini baseSwitzerland basebenzisa i- isilayidi sentloko kunye a isikhokelo bushing. I-bar stock itya nge-bushing, eyixhasa kufutshane kakhulu nezixhobo zokusika, inciphisa ukuphambuka kunye nokungcangcazela. Olu yilo lufanelekile kwiindawo ezinde, ezincinci (ubude obuphezulu ukuya kububanzi) kunye neempawu ezincinci, zifikelela ekunyamezeleni okuqinileyo njenge-± 0.0001 intshi. Ii-Swiss lathes zihlala zine-spindles ezininzi, izixhobo ze-gang, kunye nokusebenza ngaxeshanye, okuvumela amaxesha okujikeleza akhawuleze kwaye i-throughput ephezulu kwiindawo ezincinci ezinzima.
 
Ukujika kwe-CNC kubonelela ngokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezinto, ukugqitywa komphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Ra 0.4 μm okanye ngaphezulu), kunye nokukhula ukusuka kwiiprototypes ukuya kwiivolumu eziphakathi ukuya phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kakuhle kwiimpawu ezingezizo zesilinda okanye ukuveliswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo.
2. Ukubumba Inaliti Yesinyithi (i-MIM): Enye indlela yeenxalenye ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo nezinomthamo ophezulu
Xa iindawo zelathe zifuna iijometri ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu, iindonga ezibhityileyo, okanye iinkcukacha ezincinci ezinzima okanye ezingasebenzisi mali ingako kumatshini, ukubumba inaliti yentsimbi (MIM) isebenza njengendlela enamandla yokubumba i-near-shape. I-MIM idibanisa inkululeko yoyilo yokubumba i-plastic injection kunye namandla okusebenza kwesinyithi kwendabuko, ivelisa izinto zesinyithi ezixineneyo nezisebenza kakuhle.
 
Inkqubo ye-MIM iqala ngokulungiselela feedstock: iipowder zesinyithi ezicolekileyo (ezihlala zingaphantsi kwama-20 μm ubukhulu bamasuntswana, njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo, i-titanium, okanye iintsimbi ezi-alloy eziphantsi) zixutywa ne-thermoplastic okanye i-wax binder (malunga ne-60% yesinyithi ngokomthamo). Lo mxube uyafudunyezwa, udityaniswe ube yi-homogeneous pelletized form, kwaye ufakwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-mold cavity echanekileyo—efana ne-plastic injection molding. Isiphumo siyinxalenye "eluhlaza" egcina i-binder ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha.
 
Okulandelayo uyeza ukwahlulahlula, apho uninzi lwe-binder lususwa ngeendlela zobushushu, isinyibilikisi, okanye iindlela zokutsala, kushiyeke inxalenye ebuthathaka "emdaka" eyenziwe ngomgubo wesinyithi. Okokugqibela, ukucula Itshisa inxalenye kwisithando esilawulwayo ukuya kufutshane nendawo yokunyibilika kwesinyithi (kodwa ngaphantsi kwayo), nto leyo ebangela ukuba amasuntswana adibane ngokusasazwa. Oku kwenza ukuba inxalenye ibe yi-95-99% yoxinano lwethiyori, nto leyo enika iipropati zoomatshini ezifana nezesinyithi ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ezibunjiweyo (amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa). Ukuncipha ngexesha lokusila—ngesiqhelo yi-15-20%—kubalwa ngokuchanekileyo kuyilo lwesikhunta ukuze kufezekiswe ubukhulu bokugqibela.
 
I-MIM ikhanya kwiindawo ezincinci (ngesiqhelo ingaphantsi kwe-100 grams, idla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-50 grams) ngeempawu ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokunqunyulwa okungaphantsi, imisonto yangaphakathi, iindonga ezibhityileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.1 mm), iindawo ezithambileyo, okanye izinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo eziya kufuna umatshini omkhulu wokugaya okanye ukuhlanganisa. Inika ukuphindaphindwa okuhle kakhulu, inkunkuma encitshisiweyo (imilo ekufutshane ne-net inciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto), kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko xa ziphezulu (amawaka ukuya kwizigidi zeeyunithi). Ukugqitywa komphezulu kuthambile (Ra 1-3 μm), kudla ngokufuna ukucubungula okuncinci emva komatshini omncinci okanye unyango lobushushu.
 
Nangona iindleko zokuqala zezixhobo ziphezulu, i-MIM inciphisa imisebenzi yesibini kwaye ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kweendibano ezininzi zibe ziinxalenye enye, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zemveliso iyonke kwizicelo ezifanelekileyo ezifana neenxalenye zezibhamu, izibiyeli ze-orthodontic, okanye izihlanganisi ze-elektroniki.
3. Ezinye iinkqubo zeempawu ezintsonkothileyo kwiindawo zeLathe
Iindawo ezininzi ze-lathe zifuna iimpawu ezingajikeleziyo okanye ezizodwa ezingenakuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo yi-CNC turning yodwa. Iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zihlala zidityaniswa okanye zisetyenziswa okwesibini:
  • yokugaya: Kwenziwa kwii-CNC mills okanye ngezixhobo ezisebenza nge-lathes, ukugaya kudala iiflethi, iipokotho, iindawo zokubeka, iindlela eziphambili, okanye iindawo ezijikelezileyo kwiindawo ezisilinda. Kusebenzisa izicuthi ezijikelezayo ezinamanqaku amaninzi kwindawo yokusebenza engashukumiyo (okanye ene-indexed), okuhambelana nokujika kwejometri ezixutyiweyo.
  • Ukuqhekeza: Oku kubandakanya isixhobo esinamazinyo esitsalwa okanye esityhalelwa kwindawo yokusebenza ukuze kunqunyulwe iimilo zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle ezichanekileyo ezifana neendlela eziphambili, ii-splines, okanye ii-serrations ngendlela enye (okanye ii-sequential shallow cuts). I-Rotary broaching (i-wobble broaching) ingenziwa kwi-CNC lathes kusetyenziswa izincamathiselo ezikhethekileyo, okuvumela ukwakheka okusebenzayo kwemingxuma ye-polygonal okanye iiprofayili ngaphandle kokuseta okwesibini.
  • Ukuzoba/Ukukhupha: Ezi ziinkqubo ezisezantsi zokulungiselela isitokhwe esiluhlaza. Ukutsalwa kwentsimbi okanye intonga kutsala isinyithi kwiidayi ukuze kufezekiswe ukufana kwee-cross-sections (umz., iibha ezijikelezileyo ezineedayamitha ezithile), ngelixa i-extrusion inyanzela izinto kwiidayi ezimile okwemilo ukuze kubekho iiprofayili ezihambelanayo. Ezi ziqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokuqala ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi elandelayo yokujika.
Enyanisweni, abavelisi badla ngokudibanisa ezi ndlela. Umzekelo, inxalenye ingaguqulwa ibe yi-lathe ye-CNC, ifakwe izixhobo ezisebenzayo, ifakwe kwiindlela zangaphakathi, ize igqitywe ngokusila okanye ukupolisha. Ukhetho luxhomekeke kubungakanani benxalenye, ubunzima, ukunyamezelana, izinto, umthamo, kunye neenjongo zeendleko.
 
Isishwankathelo, Ukujika kwe-CNC Ihlala isisiseko seendawo ezininzi ze-lathe ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo nokusebenza kakuhle ngejometri ezijikelezayo, iphuculwe zizixhobo ezisebenza bukhoma kunye neendidi zaseSwitzerland ezilungiselelwe iimfuno eziphambili. Mim Ibonelela ngenye indlela enomtsalane yezinto ezincinci eziveliswa ngobuninzi nezintsonkothileyo, ngelixa ukugaya, ukuxuba, kunye nokulungiselela isitokhwe kugcwalisa izikhewu zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo—okanye indlela exutyiweyo—kuphucula umgangatho, ixesha lokuqalisa, kunye noqoqosho kwimveliso yanamhlanje echanekileyo.

Imisebenzi Eqhelekileyo Kwimveliso Yezixhobo Ze-Small Metal Lathe

Ukujika kwe-CNC Yenza umqolo wemveliso yezinto ezincinci ezilinganayo ngokujikeleza. Indawo yokusebenza (edla ngokutyalwa ngokuzenzekelayo) ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu ngelixa izixhobo ezilawulwa yi-CNC zisusa izinto ngokuchanekileyo.
Iinkqubo eziphambili zeenxalenye zeLathe:

*Ukujika: Inkqubo yokuqala yokususa inciphisa ububanzi bento yokusebenza ukuze kwenziwe ii-cylinders ezithe tye, ii-tapers, amahlombe, okanye ii-contours. Ukujika okurhabaxa kususa izinto ezinkulu ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ukujika okugqityiweyo kufikelela kubukhulu obuchanekileyo kunye nokugqitywa okugqwesileyo komphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-Ra 0.8 μm okanye ithambile). Kwiindawo ezincinci, olu sebenzi luqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokujikeleza okubalulekileyo kwiishafts, ii-pins, kunye nee-bushings.boyiprototyping.com

*Ukujongana: Oku kudala umphezulu othe tyaba, othe nkqo ngokutya isixhobo ngendlela ejikelezayo kwisiphelo esijikelezayo senxalenye. Kuseka ubuso obucocekileyo bokubhekisa kwimisebenzi elandelayo okanye kuqinisekisa ubude obufanelekileyo kunye nesikwere.

*Ukugrumba kunye nokukruqula: Ukubhola kuvelisa imingxunya ye-axial kusetyenziswa iidrill ezijikelezayo ezibanjwe kwi-turret okanye kwi-tailstock. Ukubhoboza kwandisa okanye kucoca le mingxunya ukuze ilingane ngokuchanekileyo, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ii-single-point boring bars ukuze kufezekiswe ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye neebhore ezigudileyo kwiibushings ezincinci okanye izixhobo. Izixhobo ezibukhoma kwiilathes eziphambili zivumela ukubhola okunqamlezileyo kwiimpawu ze-radial ngaphandle kokubeka kwakhona.

*Ukudibanisa imisonto: Imisonto yangaphandle iyasikwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokusonta ezine-single-point ezilandela indlela ye-helical ehambelana nokujikeleza kwe-spindle. Imisonto yangaphakathi isebenzisa ii-taps okanye izixhobo ezibophayo. Ulawulo lwe-CNC luvumela i-pitch echanekileyo, i-lead, kunye nemisonto eqalayo emininzi kwi-fasteners ezincinci, izihlanganisi, okanye ii-adjustment screws.partmfg.com

*Ukugquma: Umsebenzi wokwakha (hayi ukusika) ucinezela isixhobo sokugoba nxamnye nomsebenzi ojikelezayo ukuze kwenziwe ipateni yedayimani, ethe tye, okanye ethe tyaba. Oku kuphucula ukubamba amaqhosha, izikrufu zesithupha, iziphatho, okanye iikhola zokulungisa ngaphandle kokongeza ububanzi obubalulekileyo.reidsupply.com

Iilathe ze-CNC zohlobo lwaseSwitzerland zilungele ngokukodwa iindawo ezincinci kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwiimpawu ze-sub-millimeter) ngenxa ye-guide bushing exhasa isitokhwe kufutshane nendawo yokusika, inciphisa ukuphambuka kwaye ivumela izinto ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu njengezikrufu zonyango okanye iiphini zewotshi.

Amanyathelo asemva kokuLungiswa

Emva komatshini wokuqala, iindawo ezincinci ziyagqitywa ukuze kususwe iziphene kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza:
1. Ukususa iimbumbulu kunye nokugqiba: Imiphetho ebukhali, ii-burrs ezivela ekujikeni okanye ekubholeni, kunye neempawu zezixhobo zisuswa ngokususa ii-burring ngesandla, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukuqhumisa i-media. Ukuqhumisa ii-bead (usebenzisa ii-glass okanye ii-ceramic beads) okanye ukugquma nge-abrasive media kuthambisa imiphezulu, kuphucula ubuhle, kwaye kulungiselela iindawo zokugquma. La manyathelo athintela uxinzelelo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba i-handling ikhuselekile.comcoinc.com

2. Unyango loMphezulu: Ukwandisa ukumelana nokugqwala, iimpawu zokuguguleka, okanye inkangeleko, unyango oluqhelekileyo luquka: Ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating (i-nickel, i-chrome, i-zinc) kwiileya zokuhombisa okanye zokukhusela.
*Ukufaka i-anodizing (ye-aluminium) ukwenza ifilimu ye-oxide eqinileyo nekhuselayo.
*Ukudlulisa (kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo) ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala.
*Ukupeyinta, ukupeyinta ngomgubo, okanye ukupeyinta ngePVD/CVD ngokweemfuno ezizodwa.

Olu nyango lwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu unyango, njengezonyango, i-aerospace, okanye ukusetyenziswa kolwandle.

Amatyala afanelekileyo okusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphambili

1.CNC Lathes (kubandakanya uhlobo lwaseSwitzerland): Eyona ilungele iindawo ezincinci ezichanekileyo ezifuna ubunzulu obuhle, ukugqitywa komphezulu, kunye nobunzima obuphakathi ukuya kobukhulu kwiimpawu zokujikeleza. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
*Ii-shafts, iintonga, kunye nee-spindles.
*Ii-Bushings, ii-spacers, kunye nee-bearing.
*Iziqhoboshi ezinemisonto, izihlanganisi, kunye nezixhobo.
*Iindlu zezixhobo zemoto, izixhobo zeenqwelo-moya, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
*Ukujika kwe-CNC kunika ukuguquguquka kweeprototypes ukuya kwi-medium run (amakhulu ukuya kumawaka), kunye notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lokuseta kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezinto.

2. I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM): Ilungele iindawo ezincinci kakhulu, ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu eziveliswa ngobuninzi obukhulu (amashumi amawaka ukuya kwizigidi). I-MIM iqala ngomgubo wesinyithi oxutywe ne-binder, ifakwe kwiimolds, ikhutshwe, ize itshiswe ifikelele kuxinano olupheleleyo. Igqwesile kwiimpawu ezinje ngodonga oluncinci, imiqolo engaphantsi, imingxunya yangaphakathi, ubume obucolekileyo, okanye izinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo ezinokubiza kakhulu okanye ezingenakwenzeka ukuzisebenzisa ngomatshini efficiently.unionfab.com

Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ze-MIM kwiindawo ezincinci zesinyithi ziquka izixhobo zesixhobo sezonyango (umz., izixhobo zotyando, iibrakethi ze-orthodontic), ii-micro-gears, iibrakethi ezintsonkothileyo, iziqhushumbisi zezibhamu, kunye nezihlanganisi ze-elektroniki. Nangona iindleko zezixhobo ziphezulu kwangaphambili, i-MIM inciphisa inkunkuma, imisebenzi yesibini, kunye namanyathelo okuhlanganisa ukuze kuveliswe ubuninzi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.

Enyanisweni, abavelisi badla ngokudibanisa iindlela: inxalenye isenokuba yenziwe nge-MIM ukuze isetyenziselwe i-geometry entsonkothileyo ize igqitywe ngomatshini kwi-lathe ye-CNC ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezibalulekileyo, okanye iindawo ezijikiweyo zinokufumana iimpawu zesibini ezifana ne-MIM ukuba ivolumu iyayithethelela loo nto.

Lilonke, ukuvelisa iindawo ezincinci zesinyithi ezisebenzisa i-lathe kudibanisa ukuchaneka okungaphantsi (ngokujika kwe-CNC) nokusebenza kakuhle komfanekiso ofana ne-net (nge-MIM) kunye nokulungiswa okubalulekileyo emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zobukhulu, ukuchaneka, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwizicelo zanamhlanje ezincinci.

 

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeCandelo leLathe yeSinyithi esiNcinci

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwenziwa, njengoko kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, kunye neendleko. Iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezincinci ze-lathe ziquka i-aluminium, i-bronze, intsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-copper, kunye ne-titanium. Nganye ineempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo: i-aluminium ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenza ngomatshini kodwa ithambile; i-bronze inika ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo zokuhombisa okanye zombane; intsimbi inika amandla kodwa inokuba nzima kwizinto ezincinci ngenxa yobunzima.

Uyilo noCwangciso

Uyilo olusebenzayo kunye nocwangciso lunciphisa iingozi ekwenzeni iindawo ezincinci zesinyithi. Qala ngesoftware yeCAD efana neSolidWorks okanye iFusion 360 ukuze wenze imodeli yenxalenye, ubandakanye ukunyamezelana, ukugqitywa komphezulu, kunye neempawu ezifana nemisonto okanye imingxunya. Kwiindawo ezincinci, uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele ukufikelela kwizixhobo—kuphephe ukunqunyulwa okunzulu okunokubangela ukwaphuka kwezixhobo.

Ukucwangcisa kuquka ukulandelelana kwenkqubo: ukujika okurhabaxa ukususa izinto ezininzi, uze ugqibezele iipasi ukuze ufumane ukuchaneka. Linganisa imisebenzi usebenzisa isoftware ye-CAM ukuvelisa ikhowudi ye-G yee-lathe ze-CNC, ukuphucula ukutya kunye nesantya. Kwi-lathes ezenziwe ngesandla, yenza imizobo eneenkcukacha enobukhulu.

Cinga ngokufaka izinto eziqinileyo: ii-collets zokubamba ngokuchanekileyo ububanzi obuncinci, okanye ii-bushings ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuxhasa iindawo ezibuthathaka. Ukucwangciswa kweqela leevolumu eziphezulu kubandakanya ii-bar feeders kwiilathe ezizenzekelayo. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko lugubungela imiba enokubakho efana nokuthetha (ukungcangcazela okubangela ukugqitywa okubi) okanye ukwakheka kwe-burr. Cwangcisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-coolant ukususa ubushushu, ingakumbi kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo. Uqikelelo lwexesha lunceda ekucwangciseni: i-shaft encinci elula ingathatha imizuzu emi-5-10 ngenxalenye nganye ngesandla, incinci kwi-CNC.

Uvavanyo lweprototype luqinisekisa isicwangciso—umatshini uthatha indawo yovavanyo, ulinganise nge-micrometer okanye i-CMM, kwaye uphindaphinde. Uxwebhu luqinisekisa ukuphindaphindeka.

Ukuseta iLathe kunye nezixhobo

Ukuseta kulapho kuqala khona ukuchaneka. Kwi-mini lathe, yiqinise kwibhentshi ezinzileyo, lungelelanisa ibhedi, kwaye ulungelelanise i-headstock kunye ne-tailstock. Iinxalenye ze-lathe ziquka ibhedi, i-headstock (ene-spindle), i-carriage, kunye ne-tailstock.

Faka isixhobo somsebenzi kwi-chuck enemihlathi emi-3 ukuze isetyenziswe ngokubanzi okanye kwi-collet ukuze ucoselele kakhulu kwiidayamitha ezincinci. Sebenzisa i-drill ephakathi ukuba kufuneka inkxaso ye-tailstock.

Izixhobo: Intsimbi ekhawulezayo (i-HSS) kwiintsimbi ezithambileyo ezifana nobhedu, i-carbide inserts kweziqinileyo. Sila izixhobo kwii-engile ezithile—umz., i-60° yokuluka imisonto. Ukuphakama kwesixhobo kufuneka kuhambelane nomgca ophakathi we-spindle.

Isantya kunye neefeeds: Bala i-RPM njenge (Isantya sokusika x 4) / Ububanzi. Kwibrass, yi-1000-2000 RPM kwiindawo ezincinci; yondla i-0.002-0.005 intshi ngokujikeleza ngakunye. Sebenzisa ulwelo lokusika ukuze uthambise.

Kwiindawo ezincinci, sebenzisa ukuphumla okuzinzileyo okanye ulandele ukuphumla ukuze uthintele ukugoba. Ukulinganisa ngezalathisi zedayela kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Imisebenzi yoMatshini

Eyona nto iphambili kule nkqubo ibandakanya imisebenzi eliqela, nganye yenzelwe iinxalenye ezincinci.
Ukujongana: Yenza isikwere kwisiphelo somsebenzi ngokusondeza isixhobo ngokuthe nkqo. Kwiindawo ezincinci, ukunqunyulwa kokukhanya (0.005 intshi) kuthintela ukugrunjwa kwezixhobo.

Ukujika: Nciphisa ububanzi ngokushukumisa isixhobo ngokuhambelana ne-axis. Ukurhawuzelela kususa uninzi lwezinto, ukugqiba kufezekisa ubungakanani bokugqibela. Kwiindawo ezincinci, sebenzisa i-RPM ephezulu ukugcina isantya somphezulu.

Ukugrumba kunye nokukruqula: Ukubhoboza embindini kuqala, uze ubhoboze imingxuma. Ukubhoboza kuyawandisa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwimingxuma emincinci, sebenzisa ii-carbide drills ukuze ungahambi.

Umsonto: Sika imisonto ngesixhobo sedayisi okanye isixhobo senqaku elinye. Kwiindawo ezincinci, imisonto yangaphandle ixhaphakile; qinisekisa ukuseta okuqinileyo.

Ukwahlukana: Sika inxalenye egqityiweyo ngesixhobo esincinci sebhleyidi. Xhasa nge-tailstock ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ukugquma kunye nokuGrooving: Yongeza ubunjani okanye iindawo zokubeka. Kwiimpawu ezincinci, kufuneka izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Kwi-CNC, izixhobo ezisebenzayo zivumela ukugaywa kwe-off-axis. Imizekelo: Ukugaya i-0-80 brass flange nut kubandakanya ukubhola, ukucofa, kunye nokujika ngokulandelelana.

Kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu, ezifana nee-chamfers ze-0.5mm, ii-jigs ezenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye imisebenzi yesibini (umz., ukusantinga) zinokulandela. Ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile—iinkonkxa ezigqithisileyo zijika zibe zincinci iindawo.

Ukususa imiphetho ebukhali, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngesandla ngeefayile okanye ii-tumblers.

Ukhuseleko kunye noLawulo loMgangatho

Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu: Nxiba i-PPE, vala impahla ekhululekileyo, kwaye usebenzise izikhuselo. Kuphephe ukuchukumisa iindawo ezijikelezayo; misa umatshini ukuze ulungise izinto.

Ulawulo lomgangatho lusebenzisa ii-micrometer, ii-calipers, kunye nee-optical comparators ukuze kubonwe ubungakanani. Abavavanyi boburhabaxa bomphezulu bajonga ukugqitywa. Kwiindawo ezincinci, ukukhulisa kunceda ekuhlolweni.

Sebenzisa i-SPC ukujonga utshintsho. Iziphene eziqhelekileyo: ukungaguquguquki ngenxa yokugxojwa kakubi, ukugquma kwezixhobo ezibuthathaka.

Iindlela ezihambele phambili

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CNC kwenza iinkqubo zibe zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye ne-Swiss lathes ezigqwesileyo kwiindawo ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo. Iindlela ze-hybrid zidibanisa i-lathe kunye nokuprinta kwe-3D kwiiprototypes. Ukujika kwe-Multi-axis kongeza iimpawu ezifana ne-slots ngaphandle kokutshintsha indawo.

isiphelo

Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezincinci ezenziwe ngentsimbi idibanisa ubugcisa nesayensi, inika izinto ezichanekileyo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso entsha. Ubuchule buza nokuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa nobuchwepheshe obutshintshayo ukuze busebenze kakuhle kwaye bube semgangathweni.