Indlela yokuyila iindawo zomatshini wokugaya i-CNC
Kule sikhokelo sipheleleyo sokuyila i-CNC machining, siqokelele iindlela ezisisiseko neziphambili zoyilo kunye neengcebiso zokukunceda ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo kwiindawo zakho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Kukho amanyathelo ambalwa alula onokuwathatha ukuze uphucule uyilo lwakho lomatshini wokulawula amanani ekhompyutha (CNC). Ngokulandela imithetho yoyilo lokwenza (DFM), ungafumana okungakumbi kubuchule obubanzi bomatshini wokwenza i-CNC. Oku kunokuba nzima nangona kunjalo, njengoko imigangatho ethile kushishino lonke ingekho.
Kweli nqaku, sinikezela ngesikhokelo esibanzi seendlela ezilungileyo zoyilo lwe-CNC machining. Ukuze siqokelele olu lwazi luhlaziyiweyo, sicele impendulo kwiingcali zoshishino kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo ze-CNC machining. Ukuba ulungiselela iindleko, jonga esi sikhokelo sokuyila iindawo ezingabizi kakhulu ze-CNC.
Yintoni inkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC?
Umatshini wokusika i-CNC bubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezingaphantsi. Kwi-CNC, izinto zisuswa kwibhloko eqinileyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika ezijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu—amawaka e-RPM—ukuvelisa inxalenye esekelwe kwimodeli ye-CAD. Zombini izinyithi kunye neplastiki zinokucutshungulwa ngomatshini we-CNC.
Iindawo ezenziwe ngomatshini we-CNC zichanekile kakhulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima. I-CNC ifanelekile kwimveliso ephezulu kunye nemisebenzi yesiqhelo. Enyanisweni, i-CNC machining okwangoku yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokwenza iiprototypes zesinyithi, nangona ithelekiswa noshicilelo lwe-3D.
Ziziphi iingongoma eziphambili zoyilo lwe-CNC?
I-CNC inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo, kodwa kukho imiqathango embalwa. Le mida inxulumene neendlela ezisisiseko zenkqubo yokusika kwaye ikakhulu inxulumene nejometri yesixhobo kunye nokufikelela kwisixhobo.
Isixhobo sejometri
Izixhobo zokusika ze-CNC eziqhelekileyo (izixhobo zokusika zokugqibela kunye needrili) zinemilo ye-cylindrical kunye nobude bokusika obulinganiselweyo.
Njengoko izinto zisuswa kwindawo yokusebenza, ijiyometri yesixhobo idluliselwa kwindawo esetyenzisiweyo. Oku kuthetha, umzekelo, ukuba iikona zangaphakathi zenxalenye ye-CNC zihlala zine-radius, nokuba isixhobo sokusika sincinci kangakanani na.
Ukufikelela kwisixhobo
Ukuze kususwe izinto, isixhobo sokusika sisondela ngqo kwindawo yokusebenza ukusuka phezulu. Iimpawu ezingenakufikelela ngale ndlela azinakwenziwa ngomatshini we-CNC.
Kukho into eyahlukileyo kulo mthetho: ii-undercuts. Kukho icandelo elimalunga nee-undercuts ekupheleni kweli nqaku.
Sicebisa ukuba ulungelelanise zonke iimpawu zemodeli yakho (imingxunya, imingxunya, iindonga ezithe nkqo, njl.njl.) kwenye yeendlela ezintandathu eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, bona lo mthetho njengengcebiso hayi umqobo, njengoko iinkqubo ze-CNC ezi-5-axis zibonelela ngezakhono eziphambili zokubamba izinto zokusebenza.
Ukufikelela kwizixhobo nako kuyingxaki xa i-machining ine-ratio enkulu yobunzulu nobubanzi. Ukuze ufikelele ezantsi kwi-deep cavity, umzekelo, udinga izixhobo ezinokufikelela okude. Oku kuthetha uluhlu olubanzi lwentshukumo ye-effector yokugqibela, nto leyo eyandisa ingxolo yomatshini kwaye yehlise ukuchaneka okunokwenzeka.
Kuya kuba lula ukuvelisa ukuba uyila iindawo ezinokusetyenziswa ngomatshini we-CNC ngesixhobo esinobubanzi obukhulu kangangoko kunye nobude obufutshane kangangoko.
Izikhokelo zoyilo lwe-CNC
Umngeni ohlala uvela xa kuyilwa inxalenye yomatshini wokugaya i-CNC kukuba akukho migangatho ithile ikhoyo kushishino lonke. Abavelisi boomatshini be-CNC kunye nezixhobo bahlala bephucula amandla obu buchwepheshe, bandisa imida yoko kunokwenzeka. Itheyibhile engezantsi ishwankathela amaxabiso acetyiswayo nanokwenzeka kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifunyanwa kwiindawo zomatshini ze-CNC.
Iimbobo kunye neepokotho
Ubunzulu bomngxunya obucetyiswayo: 4 ububanzi bomngxunya
Izixhobo zokusika ezigqityiweyo zinobude obulinganiselweyo bokusika (ngesiqhelo ziphindaphindwe kathathu ukuya kane ububanzi bazo). Ukuphambuka kwezixhobo, ukuphuma kweetshiphusi kunye nokungcangcazela kuya kubonakala ngakumbi xa imingxunya inomlinganiselo omncinci wobunzulu nobubanzi.
Ukunciphisa ubunzulu bomngxuma ukuya kububanzi obuphindwe kane kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ukuba kufuneka ubunzulu obukhulu, cinga ngokuyila iindawo ezinobunzulu obuguquguqukayo bomngxuma.
Ukusila imingxunya enzulu: Imingxunya enobunzulu obungaphezulu kwesithandathu ubukhulu besixhobo ithathwa njengenzulu. Umlinganiselo wobunzulu bobubanzi besixhobo ukuya kwingxunya ukuya kwi-30:1 unokwenzeka kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ubunzulu obukhulu: 35 cm ngesixhobo sokugaya esinobubanzi obuyi-1 intshi).
Iimbobo kunye neepokotho
Irediyasi yekona ethe nkqo
Icetyiswayo: ⅓ phinda ubunzulu bomngxuma (okanye omkhulu)
Ukusebenzisa ixabiso elicetyiswayo le-internal corner radii kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esifanelekileyo sobubanzi singasetyenziswa kwaye sihambelana nezikhokelo zobunzulu bomngxuma obucetyiswayo.
Ukunyusa i-corner radii ngaphezulu kancinci kwexabiso elicetyiswayo (umz. nge-1 mm), kuvumela isixhobo ukuba sisike silandele indlela ejikelezayo endaweni ye-90 angle. Oku kuyathandwa kuba kubangela ukugqitywa komphezulu okusemgangathweni ophezulu. Ukuba kufuneka iikona zangaphakathi ezibukhali ezingama-90 degrees, cinga ngokongeza i-T-bone undercut endaweni yokunciphisa i-corner radius.
Irediyasi yomgangatho
Ithethelelwe: 0.5 mm, 1 mm okanye akukho radius
Inokwenzeka: nayiphi na irediyasi
Izixhobo zokusika ezipheleleyo zinomphetho osezantsi othe tyaba okanye ojikelezileyo kancinci. Ezinye iiradi zomgangatho zingasetyenzwa ngomatshini kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuphela kwebhola. Kuyinkqubo elungileyo yoyilo ukusebenzisa amaxabiso acetyiswayo, njengoko kukhethwa ziingcali zoomatshini.
Iindonga ezibhityileyo
Ubuncinci bobunzima bodonga
Icetyiswayo: 0.8 mm (iintsimbi), 1.5 mm (iiplastiki)
Inokwenzeka: 0.5 mm (iintsimbi), 1.0 mm (iiplastiki)
Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kunciphisa ukuqina kwezinto, nto leyo enyusa ukungcangcazela ngexesha lokwenziwa komatshini kwaye kunciphisa ukuchaneka okunokwenzeka. Iiplastiki zinobunzima bokugoba (ngenxa yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo) kunye nokuthamba (ngenxa yokunyuka kobushushu), ngoko ke ubukhulu bodonga obukhulu buyacetyiswa. Amaxabiso anokwenzeka achazwe apha ngasentla kufuneka ahlolwe ngokwemeko nganye.
Iindlwana
sangqa
Icetyiswayo: i-drill bit eqhelekileyo
Inokwenzeka: naluphi na ububanzi obukhulu kune-1 mm
Imingxunya yenziwa ngomatshini kusetyenziswa i-drill bit okanye isixhobo sokugaya. Ubungakanani bee-drill bits busemgangathweni (kwiiyunithi ze-metric kunye ne-imperial). Izixhobo zokulungisa kunye nezixhobo zokubhoboza zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba imingxunya efuna ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Kwimingxunya echanekileyo kakhulu enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwama-20 mm, kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa ububanzi obuqhelekileyo.
Ubunzulu obuphezulu
Ithethelelwe: Ububanzi obuphindwe ka-4
Ngokuqhelekileyo: Ububanzi obuphindwe ka-10
Inokwenzeka: Ububanzi obuphindwe ka-40
Imingxunya enobubanzi obungalinganiyo kufuneka icutshungulwe ngesixhobo sokugawula. Kule meko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe imida yobunzulu obukhulu bomngxuma kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe ixabiso lobunzulu obukhulu elicetyiswayo. Imingxunya enzulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo icutshungulwa kusetyenziswa ii-drill bits ezikhethekileyo (enobubanzi obuncinci be-3mm). Imingxunya engaboniyo ecutshungulwe nge-drill inomgangatho ojiyileyo (i-engile ye-135-degree), ngelixa imingxunya ecutshungulwe ngesixhobo sokugawula ithambile.
Akukho kukhetha kuthile phakathi kwemingxunya edlulayo okanye imingxuma engaboniyo kwi-CNC machining.
Imiba
Ubungakanani bomtya
Ubuncinci: M1 (kwaye ingaphantsi, kwezinye iimeko)
Ithethelelwe: M6 okanye ngaphezulu
Imisonto iyasikwa ngeempompo kwaye imisonto yangaphandle ineedayi. Iimpompo kunye needayi zingasetyenziselwa ukunqumla imisonto ukuya kwi-M2. Izixhobo zokugquma ngemisonto ze-CNC zixhaphakile kwaye zikhethwa ziingcali zobugcisa, njengoko zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwempompo. Izixhobo zokugquma ngemisonto ze-CNC zingasetyenziselwa ukunqumla imisonto ukuya kwi-M6.
Umtya ubude
Ubuncinci: Ububanzi obuphindwe ka-1.5
Ithethelelwe: Ububanzi obuphindwe ka-3
Uninzi lomthwalo ofakwa kumsonto uthathwa ngamazinyo okuqala ambalwa (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo). Ngoko ke imisonto emide ngaphezu kwe-3 ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo ayibalulekanga.
Kwimisonto ekwimingxunya engaboniyo esikwe ngeempompo (oko kukuthi, yonke imisonto emincinci kune-M6), yongeza ubude obungenamisonto obulingana ne-1.5 ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo ezantsi komngxuma. Xa kungasetyenziswa isixhobo sokufaka imisonto se-CNC (oko kukuthi imisonto emikhulu kune-M6), umngxuma unokufakwa imisonto kubude bawo bonke.
Iimpawu ezincinci
Ubuncinci bedayamitha yomngxuma
Ithethelelwe: 2.5 mm (0.1 intshi.”)
Inokwenzeka: 0.05 mm (0.005 intshi.”)
Uninzi lweevenkile zoomatshini zinokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo imingxuma kunye nemingxunya zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifikelela kwi-2.5 mm (0.1 intshi) ububanzi. Nantoni na engaphantsi kwalo mda ithathwa njenge-micro-machining. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ii-micro-drills) kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha ziyafuneka ukuze kuchwethezwe ezi mpawu kuba ifiziksi yenkqubo yokusika iyatshintsha ngolu hlobo. Ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo, ingcebiso ke ngoko kukuba ziphephe.
Ukunyamezelana
Ngokuqhelekileyo: +-0.1 mm
Inokwenzeka: +-0.02 mm
Ukunyamezelana kwethu kuphakathi kwe-2768 okanye kuphantsi. Ukuba ukunyamezelana akucaciswanga, amaqabane okuvelisa aza kusebenzisa ibakala elikhethiweyo le-2768.
Ukunyamezelana kuchaza imida yomlinganiselo owamkelekileyo. Ukunyamezelana okunokufikelelwa kuyahluka ngokwemilinganiselo yesiseko kunye nejometri yenxalenye. Amaxabiso angasentla zizikhokelo ezifanelekileyo.
Umbhalo kunye noonobumba
Icetyiswayo: ubungakanani befonti 20 (okanye ngaphezulu), iqoshwe nge-5 mm
Umbhalo oqoshiweyo ukhethwa ngaphezu kombhalo oqingqiweyo, njengoko kususwa izinto ezimbalwa. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa ubungakanani obuncinci befonti ye--20 sans -serif (umz. i-Arial okanye i-Verdana). Oomatshini abaninzi be-CNC baneenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili zezi fonti.
Ukuseta oomatshini be-CNC kunye noqhelaniso lweendawo
Isicwangciso senxalenye efuna ukuseta okuninzi
Ukufikelela kwizixhobo yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ekuyilweni koomatshini bokuchwetheza be-CNC. Ukuze kufikelelwe kuzo zonke iindawo zomzekelo, umsebenzi kufuneka ujikeleziswe amaxesha amaninzi.
Nanini na xa umsebenzi ujikeleziswa, umatshini kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe kwaye kufuneka kuchazwe inkqubo entsha yokulungelelanisa.
Xa uyila, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela useto loomatshini ngezizathu ezibini:
Inani lilonke lokuseta umatshini lichaphazela iindleko. Ukujikeleza nokulungelelanisa inxalenye kufuna umsebenzi wezandla kwaye kwandisa ixesha elipheleleyo loomatshini. Oku kudla ngokwamkelekile ukuba inxalenye kufuneka ijikeleziswe ukuya kuthi ga kathathu okanye kane, kodwa nantoni na engaphezulu kwalo mda igqithisile.
Ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuma, iimpawu ezimbini kufuneka zenziwe ngomatshini kwisetingi enye. Oku kungenxa yokuba inyathelo elitsha lokulinganisa lizisa impazamo encinci (kodwa engabalulekanga).
Yintoni 5-axis CNC machining?
Umatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5 uhambisa izixhobo zokusika okanye iindawo ezisikiweyo kwii-axes ezintlanu ngaxeshanye. Oomatshini be-CNC abane-axis ezininzi banokuvelisa iindawo ezine-geometries entsonkothileyo, njengoko benikezela ngee-axes ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ezijikelezayo. Aba matshini basusa isidingo sokuseta oomatshini abaninzi.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye nemida yomatshini we-CNC one-axis ezi-5?
Umatshini wokusika we-CNC one-axis ezintlanu uvumela isixhobo ukuba sihlale siqinile kumphezulu wokusika. Iindlela zesixhobo zinokuba nzima kwaye zisebenze kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindawo zibe nokugqitywa okungcono komphezulu kunye namaxesha aphantsi oomatshini bokusika.
Oko kuthethiweyo, i-5-axis CNC inemida yayo. I-geometry yezixhobo ezisisiseko kunye nemida yokufikelela kwizixhobo isasebenza (umzekelo, iindawo ezinejometri zangaphakathi azinakwenziwa ngomatshini). Ngaphezu koko, iindleko zokusebenzisa ezo nkqubo ziphezulu.
Ukusika izinto ezingaphantsi kwe-CNC machining
Izinto ezisikiweyo phantsi kweenyawo zizinto ezingenakwenziwa ngomatshini kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokusika eziqhelekileyo, njengoko ezinye zeendawo zazo zingafikeleleki ngqo ukusuka phezulu.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-undercuts: ii-T-slots kunye nee-dovetails. Ii-undercuts zingaba macala omabini okanye zibe macala amabini kwaye zenziwa ngomatshini kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Izixhobo zokusika i-T-slot zenziwe nge-blade yokusika ethe tye eqhotyoshelwe kwi-shaft ethe nkqo. Ububanzi be-undercut bungahluka phakathi kwe-3mm kunye ne-40mm. Sicebisa ukusebenzisa ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bobubanzi (oko kukuthi, ukwanda kwe-millimeter epheleleyo okanye amaqhezu e-intshi aqhelekileyo), njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba isixhobo esifanelekileyo sele sikhona.
Kwizixhobo zokusika umsila wedovetail, i-engile yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Zombini izixhobo zomsila wedovetail ezingama-45 kunye nama-60 zithathwa njengezisemgangathweni. Izixhobo ezine-engile ye-5-, 10- kunye ne-120-degree (kwi-10 degrees increments) nazo zikhona kodwa azisetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-T-slot (ekhohlo), i-undercut ye-dovetail (embindini), kunye ne-undercut enecala elinye eludongeni lwangaphakathi (ekunene).
Uyilo oluncinci lwe-CNC machining
Xa uyila iindawo ezinee-undercuts kwiindonga zangaphakathi, khumbula ukongeza indawo eyaneleyo yesixhobo. Umgaqo olungileyo kukongeza indawo elingana ubuncinane nephindwe kane ubunzulu be-undercut phakathi kodonga olucutshungulweyo kunye nalo naluphi na olunye udonga lwangaphakathi.
Kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni, umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo phakathi kobubanzi bokusika kunye nobubanzi bomngxuma yi-2:1, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa ubunzulu bokusika. Xa kufuneka umngxuma ongaphantsi komgangatho, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iivenkile zoomatshini zenze izixhobo zazo ezingaphantsi komgangatho. Oku kunokongeza ixesha kunye neendleko, ngoko ke kuphephe ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Ukuyila umzobo wobugcisa
Imizobo yobugcisa ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa ziinjineli ukunxibelelana neengcali zobugcisa ngeemfuno ezithile zokuvelisa.
Ukulayisha umzobo wobugcisa kunye nesicatshulwa sakho
Asisoloko sifuna umzobo wobugcisa kwiiodolo kwiqonga lethu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, zinokongeza umxholo obalulekileyo kwisicelo sekowuteshini. Iinkcukacha ezithile zoyilo azinakufakwa kwifayile ye-STEP okanye ye-IGES. Umzekelo, kuya kufuneka ufake umzobo wobugcisa we-2D ukuba imodeli yakho ibandakanya imingxunya okanye iishafti ezinemisonto kunye/okanye ubukhulu obunokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunomgangatho okhethiweyo we-2768.
Ukuba wongeza umzobo wobugcisa, nceda uqinisekise ukuba uhambelana neenkcukacha zeefayile ezilayishiweyo. Ukuba imizobo yobugcisa ayihambelani neefayile ezilayishiweyo okanye iinkcukacha zekowuteshini:
Iinkcukacha zekowuteshini zithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji, izinto kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu.
Imizobo yobugcisa ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiinkcukacha zemisonto, iinkcukacha zokunyamezela, iinkcukacha zokugqitywa komphezulu, izicelo zokuphawula iinxalenye kunye neenkcukacha zonyango lobushushu.
Ifayile yeCAD ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyilo lwenxalenye, ijiyometri, ubukhulu kunye neendawo zayo.
Zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa i-CNC machining?
Yila iindawo ezinokusetyenziswa ngomatshini usebenzisa isixhobo esinobubanzi obukhulu kangangoko.
Yongeza iifillet ezinkulu (ubuncinane ziphindwe ka-⅓ kubunzulu bomngxuma) kuzo zonke iikona zangaphakathi ezithe nkqo.
Nciphisa ubunzulu bemingxuma bube buphindwe kane ububanzi bayo.
Lungelelanisa iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo lwakho nenye yeendlela ezintandathu eziphambili. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, i-5-axis CNC machining iyindlela engcono.
Ngenisa umzobo wobugcisa kunye nomzobo wakho ukuba uyilo lwakho luquka imisonto, ukunyamezelana, iinkcukacha zokugqitywa komphezulu okanye amanye amanqaku omqhubi womatshini.
Ngaba unazo iindawo ofuna ukuba zenziwe ngomatshini we-CNC? Nceda unxibelelane neqela lethu leGazfull.