I-aluminium yezinto zoomatshini ze-CNC
I-aluminium yenye yezona zinto zenziwe ngomatshini ezikhoyo namhlanje. Enyanisweni, iinkqubo zoomatshini be-aluminium CNC zezesibini emva kwentsimbi ngokwexesha lokwenziwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba iyakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.
Kwimo yayo ecocekileyo, i-aluminiyam yekhemikhali ithambile, ithambile, ayinamandla, kwaye ibukeka imhlophe njengesilivere. Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminiyam ayisetyenziswa kuphela kwimo ecocekileyo. I-aluminiyam idla ngokuxubaniswa nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-manganese, i-copper kunye ne-magnesium ukuze yenze amakhulu ee-alloys ze-aluminiyam ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo eziphuculweyo kakhulu.
Eli nqaku lihlola iinkqubo, izixhobo, iiparameter, kunye nemingeni ebandakanyekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-aluminium kwi-CNC. Likwaxoxa ngeempawu ze-aluminium, ezona ntlobo zidumileyo ezisetyenziswa ekusetyenzisweni kwe-CNC, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ukunyanga
I-Aluminiyam yenziwa lula, isetyenzwe, kwaye yenziwe ngomatshini kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Inganqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza nangokulula zizixhobo zomatshini kuba ithambile kwaye iyaqhekeka lula. Ikwabiza kancinci kwaye ifuna amandla amancinci kumatshini kunentsimbi. Ezi mpawu ziluncedo kakhulu kumatshini nakumthengi o-odola loo nxalenye. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aluminium kuthetha ukuba ayiguquki kakhulu ngexesha lomatshini. Oku kukhokelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu njengoko kuvumela oomatshini be-CNC ukuba bafikelele kumlinganiselo ophezulu.
Ubungakanani bobunzima bobunzima
I-aluminiyam imalunga nesithathu sobunzima bentsimbi. Oku kuyenza ibe lula. Nangona ilula, i-aluminiyam inamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Olu didi lwamandla kunye nobunzima obuphantsi luchazwa njengomlinganiselo wamandla nobunzima bezinto. Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla nobunzima be-aluminiyam wenza ukuba ilungele iindawo ezifunekayo kumashishini aliqela afana namashishini eemoto kunye neendiza.
Nokumelana Resistance
I-Aluminiyam ayikrweli kwaye ayikrweli xa kufikwa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zaselwandle nakwimozulu. Ungaziphucula ezi mpawu ngokufaka i-anodizing. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukumelana nokukrwela kuyahluka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-aluminium. Nangona kunjalo, iindidi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngomatshini we-CNC zinokumelana kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi
Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo zidla ngokulahlekelwa zezinye zeempawu zazo ezinqwenelekayo kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero. Umzekelo, zombini iintsimbi zekhabhoni kunye nerabha ziyaqhekeka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. I-aluminium, nayo, igcina ukuthamba kwayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye namandla kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu.
Ukuqhuba kombane
Ulawulo lombane lwe-aluminium ecocekileyo lumalunga ne-37.7 yezigidi zeesiemens ngemitha nganye kubushushu begumbi. Nangona ii-alloys ze-aluminium zinokuba nolawulo oluphantsi kune-aluminium ecocekileyo, ziqhuba kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba iindawo zazo zifumane ukusetyenziswa kwizinto zombane. Kwelinye icala, i-aluminium ibingayi kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukuba ulawulo lombane alulo uphawu olufunekayo lwenxalenye eyenziwe ngomatshini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona
Ekubeni iyinkqubo yokuvelisa ethatha indawo encinci, iinkqubo zoomatshini be-CNC zivelisa inani elikhulu leetships, eziyinkunkuma. I-aluminium iyakwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ifuna amandla aphantsi, umgudu, kunye neendleko zokuyisebenzisa kwakhona. Oku kwenza ukuba ikhetheke kwabo bafuna ukubuyisa iindleko okanye ukunciphisa inkcitho yezinto. Ikwayenza i-aluminium ibe yinto enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo xa isetyenziswa kumatshini.
Anodisation Amathuba
I-anodisation, inkqubo yokugqiba umphezulu eyonyusa ukuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwento, kulula ukuyenza kwi-aluminium. Le nkqubo ikwanceda ukongeza umbala kwiindawo ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomatshini kube lula.
Ii-Aluminiyam ezidumileyo ze-CNC Machining
Ngokweemava ethu kwiXometry, la manqanaba e-aluminium amahlanu alandelayo yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-CNC machining.
EN AW-2007 / 3.1645 / AlCuMgPb
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.1645; EN 573-3; AlCu4PbMgMn.
Le ngxubevange ye-aluminium inobhedu njengeyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa (4-5%) yobhedu. Yingxubevange emfutshane ehlala ixesha elide, ilula, isebenza kakhulu, kwaye ineempawu ezifanayo zoomatshini njenge-AW 2030. Ikwafanelekile ekufakeni intambo, unyango lobushushu, kunye nomatshini osebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Zonke ezi mpawu zenza i-EN AW 2007 isetyenziswe kakhulu ekuveliseni iindawo zomatshini, iibholiti, ii-rivets, ii-screws, kunye neebhari ezinemisonto. Nangona kunjalo, olu didi lwe-aluminium lunokudityaniswa okuphantsi kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okuphantsi; ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-anodising yokukhusela emva komatshini wokuxuba inxalenye.
EN AW-5083 / 3.3547 / Al-Mg4,5Mn
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.3547; Ingxubevange 5083; EN 573-3; I-UNS A95083; I-ASTM B209; AlMg4.5Mn0.7
I-AW 5083 yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwiindawo ezinzima. Iqulethe i-magnesium kunye neempawu ezincinci ze-chromium kunye ne-manganese. Olu hlobo lunokumelana kakhulu nokugqwala kwiindawo zamakhemikhali nezolwandle. Kuzo zonke ii-alloys ezinganyangekiyo ngobushushu, i-AW 5080 inamandla aphezulu; uphawu oluyigcinayo nasemva kokuwelda. Nangona le alloy ingafanele isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kune-65°C, igqwesa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi.
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinqwenelekayo, i-AW 5080 isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi eziquka izixhobo ze-cryogenic, izicelo zaselwandle, izixhobo zoxinzelelo, izicelo zeekhemikhali, izakhiwo eziwelding, kunye nemizimba yezithuthi.
I-EN AW 5754 / 3.3535 / Al-Mg3
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.3535; I-Alloy 5754; EN 573-3; U21NS A95754; ASTM B 209; Al-Mg3.
Njengoko iyi-aluminium-magnesium alloy eyenziwe ngentsimbi ene-% ephezulu ye-aluminium, i-AW 5754 inokuqengqeleka, yenziwe ngentsimbi, kwaye ikhutshwe. Ayinyangeki kubushushu kwaye ingasetyenziswa ebanda ukuze yonyuse amandla ayo, kodwa ikwimeko engaphantsi. Ukongeza, le ngxube inokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kwaye inamandla aphezulu. Xa ucinga ngezi mpawu, kuyaqondakala ukuba i-AW 5754 yenye yezona ntlobo ze-aluminium ezisetyenziswa ngomatshini ze-CNC ezidumileyo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezitshixiweyo, kwizicelo zomgangatho, kwizixhobo zokuloba, kwimizimba yezithuthi, ekulungisweni kokutya, nakwii-rivets.
EN AW-6060 / 3.3206 / Al-MgSi
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.3206; ISO 6361; I-UNS A96060; I-ASTM B 221; AlMgSi0,5
Le yi-aluminium eyenziwe nge-magnesium kunye ne-silicon. Iyakwazi ukunyangwa ngobushushu kwaye inamandla aphakathi, iyakwazi ukudityaniswa kakuhle, kwaye iyakwazi ukwakheka kakuhle. Ikwamelana kakhulu nokugqwala; uphawu olunokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokufaka i-anodizing. I-EN AW 6060 idla ngokusetyenziswa ekwakheni, ekulungisweni kokutya, kwizixhobo zonyango, nakubunjineli beemoto.
EN AW-7075 / 3.4365 / Al-Zn6MgCu
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.4365; I-UNS A96082; H30; I-Al-Zn6MgCu.
I-Zinc yeyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa kule nqanaba le-aluminium. Nangona i-EN AW 7075 inomatshini oqhelekileyo wokusebenza, iipropati ezimbi zokwenza ubushushu, kwaye ayifanelekanga zombini ukuwelda kunye nokunyibilikisa; inomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kuxinano, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu neemeko zomoya kunye nolwandle, kwaye inamandla afana nezinye ii-alloys zentsimbi. Le alloy isetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kubandakanya i-hang glider kunye neefreyimu zebhayisekile, izixhobo zokukhwela amatye, izixhobo, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zokubumba.
EN AW-6061 / 3.3211 / Al-Mg1SiCu
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.3211, UNS A96061, A6061, Al-Mg1SiCu.
Le ngxubevange ine-magnesium kunye ne-silicon njengezona zinto ziphambili zokuxutywa kwayo kunye nobuninzi be-copper. Ngokuqina okuxineneyo kwe-180Mpa, le ngxubevange inamandla aphezulu kwaye ifanelekile kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezithwele kakhulu ezifana nee-scaffolds, ii-rail coaches, iindawo zomatshini kunye neenqwelo moya.
EN AW-6082 / 3.2315 / Al-Si1Mg
Ezinye iindlela zokuchonga: 3.2315, UNS A96082, A-SGM0,7, Al-Si1Mg.
Ngokwesiqhelo yenziwe ngokuqengqeleka kunye nokuphuma, le ngxubevange inamandla aphakathi kwaye iyakwazi ukuwelda kakuhle kwaye ikwazi ukuqhuba ubushushu. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokuqhekeka komhlwa. Inamandla okutsalwa aqala kwi-140 ukuya kwi-330MPa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwaselwandle nakwiikhonteyina.
Iinkqubo zoMatshini we-Aluminiyam CNC
Ungayifaka i-aluminium ngomatshini ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini be-CNC ezikhoyo namhlanje. Ezinye zezi nkqubo zezi zilandelayo.
CNC Turning
Kwimisebenzi yokujika ye-CNC, isixhobo sokusika siyajikeleza, ngelixa isixhobo sokusika esinenqaku elinye sihlala singashukumi ecaleni kwe-axis yaso. Ngokuxhomekeke kumatshini, nokuba sisixhobo sokusika okanye isixhobo sokusika senza intshukumo yokutya ngokuchasene nesinye ukuze kufunyanwe ukususwa kwezinto.
CNC Milling
Imisebenzi yokusila ye-CNC yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutshixeni iindawo ze-aluminium. Le misebenzi ibandakanya ukujikeleza kokusikwa kwamanqaku amaninzi ecaleni kwe-axis yayo, ngelixa i-workpiece ihlala imile ecaleni kwe-axis yayo. Isenzo sokusika kunye nokususwa kwezinto emva koko kufezekiswa ngokushukuma kokutya kwe-workpiece, isixhobo sokusika, okanye zombini zidityaniswe. Le ntshukumo inokwenziwa nge-axes ezininzi.
Ukupakisha
Ikwaziwa nangokuba yi-pocket milling, i-pocketing luhlobo lwe-CNC milling apho ipokotho engenanto ifakwa khona kwinxalenye ethile.
Ukujongana
Ukujongana nomatshini wokulungisa izinto kubandakanya ukudala indawo ethe tyaba enqamlezileyo kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza ngokujika ubuso okanye ngokusila ubuso.
I-CNC Drill
Ukubhola nge-CNC yinkqubo yokwenza umngxuma kwindawo yokusebenza. Kulo msebenzi, isixhobo sokusika esijikelezayo esinamanqaku amaninzi sobukhulu obuthile sihamba kumgca othe tye sime nkqo kumphezulu oza kubholwa, ngaloo ndlela senza umngxuma ngempumelelo.
Izixhobo Zokwenza I-Aluminiyam Yomatshini
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukukhethwa kwesixhobo somatshini we-aluminium CNC.
Uyilo lwezixhobo
Kukho iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zejiyometri yezixhobo ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-aluminium. Enye yezi kukubalwa kwayo yiflute. Ukuze kuthintelwe ubunzima ekukhutshweni kweetships ngesantya esiphezulu, izixhobo zokusika ze-aluminium CNC machining kufuneka zibe neeflute ezi-2-3. Inani eliphezulu leflute libangela iintlambo ezincinci ze-chip. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba iitships ezinkulu eziveliswa zii-alloys ze-aluminium zibambeke. Xa amandla okusika ephantsi kwaye ukuvuleka kweetships kubalulekile kwinkqubo, kufuneka usebenzise iiflute ezi-2. Ukuze ufumane ibhalansi egqibeleleyo yokuvuleka kweetships kunye namandla esixhobo, sebenzisa iiflute ezi-3.
Helix engile
I-engile ye-helix yi-engile ephakathi komgca osembindini wesixhobo kunye nomgca othe tye othe tye ecaleni komphetho wokusika. Luphawu olubalulekileyo lwezixhobo zokusika. Ngelixa i-engile ephezulu ye-helix isusa iitships kwinxalenye ngokukhawuleza, yonyusa ukungqubana kunye nobushushu ngexesha lokusika. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iitships zidibanise kumphezulu wesixhobo ngexesha lomatshini we-CNC we-aluminium okhawulezayo. I-engile ephantsi ye-helix, kwelinye icala, ivelisa ubushushu obuncinci kodwa ayinakususa iitships ngokufanelekileyo. Kwi-machining aluminium, i-engile ye-helix engama-35° okanye engama-40° ifanelekile kwizicelo zokurhawula, ngelixa i-engile ye-helix engama-45° ilungele ukugqiba.
I-engile yokuCoca
I-engile yokucoca yenye into ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesixhobo. I-engile enkulu kakhulu inokubangela ukuba isixhobo singene emsebenzini size sixokozele. Kwelinye icala, i-engile encinci kakhulu ingabangela ukungqubana phakathi kwesixhobo nomsebenzi. Ii-engile zokucoca eziphakathi kwe-6° kunye ne-10° zezona zilungileyo kwi-aluminium CNC machining.
Isixhobo seMathiriyeli
I-Carbide yeyona nto ikhethwayo xa kusenziwa izixhobo zokusika ezisetyenziswa kwi-aluminium CNC machining. Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium ithambile, into ebalulekileyo kwisixhobo sokusika i-aluminium asikokuqina, kodwa kukukwazi ukugcina umphetho obukhali werazor. Olu buchule lukhona kwizixhobo ze-carbide kwaye luxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini, ubungakanani be-carbide grain kunye nomlinganiselo we-binder. Nangona ubungakanani be-grain enkulu bubangela izinto eziqinileyo, ubungakanani be-grain encinci buqinisekisa izinto eziqinileyo nezingenampembelelo, nto leyo eyimpawu esiyidingayo. Iinkozo ezincinci zifuna i-cobalt ukuze zifezekise ulwakhiwo lwe-grain entle kunye namandla ezinto.
Nangona kunjalo, i-cobalt isabela ne-aluminium kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, yenze umphetho we-aluminium owakhelwe phezu komphezulu wesixhobo. Isitshixo kukusebenzisa isixhobo se-carbide esinomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-cobalt (2-20%), ukuze kuncitshiswe le mpendulo, ngelixa kugcinwa amandla afunekayo. Izixhobo ze-carbide zihlala zikwazi ukumelana ngcono kunezixhobo zeNsimbi, isantya esiphezulu esinxulunyaniswa nomatshini we-aluminium CNC.
Ukongeza kwizinto zezixhobo, ukugquma izixhobo yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezixhobo. I-ZrN (iZirconium Nitride), iTiB2 (iTitanium di-Boride), kunye nokugquma okufana nedayimani zezinye zezinto ezifanelekileyo zokugquma izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-aluminium CNC machining.
Ukutya kunye neZantya
Isantya sokusika sisantya apho isixhobo sokusika sijikeleza khona. I-aluminium inokumelana nesantya sokusika esiphezulu kakhulu ngoko ke isantya sokusika se-aluminium alloys sixhomekeke kwimida yomatshini osetyenziswayo. Isantya kufuneka sibe phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-aluminium CNC machining, njengoko oku kunciphisa amathuba okwenziwa kwemiphetho eyakhelweyo, konga ixesha, kunciphisa ukunyuka kobushushu kwinxalenye, kuphucula ukwaphuka kwe-chip, kwaye kuphucula ukugqitywa. Isantya esichanekileyo esisetyenziswayo siyahluka ngokwe-aluminium alloy kunye nobubanzi besixhobo.
Izinga lokutya ngumgama ohanjiswa sisixhobo somsebenzi okanye sisixhobo ngokujikeleza kwesixhobo. Ukutya okusetyenzisiweyo kuxhomekeke ekugqityweni okufunwayo, amandla, kunye nokuqina kwesi sixhobo somsebenzi. Ukusika okurhabaxa kufuna ukutya okuphakathi kwe-0.15 ukuya kwi-2.03 mm/rev ngelixa ukugqiba ukusika kufuna ukutya okuphakathi kwe-0.05 ukuya kwi-0.15 mm/rev.
Ulwelo lokusika
Nangona ikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle, ungaze uyinqumle i-aluminium yome kuba oku kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwemiphetho eyakhelweyo. Ulwelo lokusika olufanelekileyo kwi-aluminium CNC machining yi-soluble-oil emulsions kunye ne-mineral oils. Kuphephe ukusika ulwelo olune-chlorine okanye i-sulphur esebenzayo njengoko ezi zinto zingcolisa i-aluminium.
Iinkqubo zasemva komatshini
Emva kokulungisa inxalenye ye-aluminium, kukho iinkqubo ezithile onokuzenza ukuphucula iimpawu zomzimba, zoomatshini, kunye nobuhle benxalenye. Ezona nkqubo zixhaphakileyo zezi zilandelayo.
Ukuqhumisa iiBead kunye neSand
Ukuqhumisa iintsimbi yinkqubo yokugqiba ngeenjongo zobuhle. Kule nkqubo, inxalenye eyenziwe ngomatshini iqhumisa ngeentsimbi ezincinci zeglasi kusetyenziswa umpu womoya ocinezelwe kakhulu, ukususa izinto ngempumelelo nokuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu uthambile. Inika i-aluminium ukugqitywa kwe-satin okanye i-matte. Iiparameter eziphambili zenkqubo yokuqhumisa iintsimbi bubungakanani beentsimbi zeglasi kunye nobungakanani boxinzelelo lomoya olusetyenzisiweyo. Sebenzisa le nkqubo kuphela xa ukunyamezelana kwenxalenye ethile kungabalulekile.
Ezinye iinkqubo zokugqiba ziquka ukupolisha nokupeyinta.
umaleko
Oku kuquka ukugquma inxalenye yealuminiyam ngezinye izinto ezifana ne-zinc, i-nickel, kunye ne-chrome. Oku kwenzelwa ukuphucula iinkqubo zenxalenye kwaye kunokufezekiswa ngeenkqubo ze-electrochemical.
Anodising
I-Anodising yinkqubo ye-electrochemical apho inxalenye ye-aluminium ifakwa kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid exutyiweyo, kwaye kusetyenziswa i-voltage yombane kwi-cathode kunye ne-anode. Le nkqubo iguqula ngokufanelekileyo iindawo ezibonakalayo zenxalenye zibe yi-aluminium oxide coating eqinileyo, engasebenzisi umbane. Ubuninzi kunye nobukhulu be-coating eyenziweyo buxhomekeke ekuhambelaneni kwesisombululo, ixesha le-anodising, kunye nomsinga wombane. Ungenza ne-anodising ukuze ufake umbala kwinxalenye.
Ukupheka kwindoda
Inkqubo yokugquma umgubo ibandakanya ukugquma inxalenye ngemibala ye-polymer powder, kusetyenziswa i-electrostatic spray gun. Emva koko le nxalenye ishiywa ukuba ivunde kubushushu obuyi-200°C. Ukugquma umgubo kuphucula amandla kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ukubola, kunye nempembelelo.
Unyango lobushushu
Iinxalenye ezenziwe ngee-alloys ze-aluminium ezinyangwa ngobushushu zinokunyangwa ngobushushu ukuphucula iimpawu zazo zoomatshini.
Usetyenziso lweeCandelo zeAluminiyam ezenziwe ngoMatshini zeCNC kwiShishini
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ii-aluminium alloys zineempawu ezininzi ezinqwenelekayo. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomatshini we-CNC ziyimfuneko kakhulu kumashishini aliqela, kuquka oku kulandelayo:
- I-Aerospace: ngenxa yomlinganiselo wayo ophezulu wamandla nobunzima, izixhobo ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya zenziwe nge-aluminium eyenziwe ngomatshini;
- Automotive: ngokufanayo neshishini leenqwelo-moya, iindawo ezininzi ezifana neeshafts kunye nezinye izinto kwishishini leemoto zenziwe nge-aluminium;
- Electrical: ene-conductivity ephezulu yombane, iindawo ze-aluminium ezenziwe ngomatshini ze-CNC zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-elektroniki kwizixhobo zombane;
- Ukutya/Amayeza: kuba azisabelani nezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, iindawo ze-aluminium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini okutya namayeza;
- Sports: i-aluminium idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza izixhobo zemidlalo ezifana neebhola zebaseball kunye neempempe zemidlalo;
- Cryogenics: amandla e-aluminium okugcina iipropati zayo zoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero, okwenza iindawo ze-aluminium zibe nomtsalane kwiindlela zokusetyenziswa kwe-cryogenic.