Zambiri Zokhudza Makina a CNC
Pitirizani kukweza ukadaulo wathu wa makina a CNC komanso luso lathu lopanga

Njira Yopangira Zitsulo Zazing'ono Zopangira Lathe

Kupanga zida zazing'ono zopangira lathe yachitsulo kumayimira maziko a uinjiniya wolondola, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zida zovuta kwambiri zofunika m'mafakitale kuyambira ndege ndi magalimoto mpaka zamagetsi ndi zida zamankhwala. Lathe yachitsulo ndi chida chamakina chomwe chimazungulira chogwirira ntchito pa mzere wake kuti chichite ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kudula, kupukuta, kuluka, kuboola, kapena kusintha ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chogwirira ntchito kuti apange chinthu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana mozungulira mzerewo. Poyang'ana kwambiri pazigawo zazing'ono—nthawi zambiri zomwe zili pansi pa mainchesi 1-2 m'mimba mwake kapena kutalika—njirayi imafuna kulondola kwambiri, zida zapadera, komanso kukonzekera mosamala kuti tipewe zolakwika monga kupindika, kusweka, kapena zolakwika za mawonekedwe.
 
Zigawo zazing'ono zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga mapini, ma bushing, ma shaft, ma flange, mtedza, ndi zolumikizira zapadera. Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa m'magulu ambiri kuti zipangidwe mochuluka kapena zochepa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu. Njirayi imayamba ndi kusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake, ikupita patsogolo kudzera mu kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, ndipo imatha ndi chitsimikizo cha khalidwe. Mosiyana ndi kupanga kwakukulu, zigawo zazing'ono zimafuna kuganizira za kupotoza zida, kuwongolera kugwedezeka, ndi kuyang'anira kutentha, chifukwa ngakhale zolakwika zazing'ono zingapangitse gawolo kukhala losagwiritsidwa ntchito.
 

Kupanga zida zazing'ono zopangira lathe zachitsulo kumaphatikizapo kutembenuza CNC (lathe machining) ya mawonekedwe a cylindrical, komwe chogwirira ntchito chozungulira chimadulidwa ndi chida chosasuntha, nthawi zambiri ndi zida zamoyo zopangira zinthu zovuta monga ulusi ndi mizere, kapena Metal Injection Molding (MIM) ya zida zovuta kupanga, kuphatikiza ufa wachitsulo ndi zomangira, kutsatiridwa ndi kuchotsa zomangira ndi kusungunula kuti zikhale zolemera. Njirayi imayamba ndi zinthu zopangira (bar stock kapena ufa), imagwiritsa ntchito makina okonzedwa (CNC lathes) kuti ikhale yolondola, ndipo ingaphatikizepo njira zomaliza monga kuphulika kwa bead kapena plating kuti iwonetse bwino pamwamba. 

Njira Zofunikira pa Zida Zopangira Lathe

Kupanga kwa ziwalo za lathe—kawirikawiri zinthu zozungulira kapena zozungulira zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kapena titaniyamu—zimadalira njira zingapo zofunika. Njirazi zimasintha zinthu zopangira kukhala zigawo zenizeni, zogwira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, ndege, zida zamankhwala, zamagetsi, ndi makina. Njira yayikulu ndi CNC yotembenuka, koma njira zina monga kupanga jakisoni wachitsulo (MIM) ndipo njira zowonjezera monga kugaya kapena kupangira zinthu zimakwaniritsa zosowa zinazake, makamaka pa jiometri zovuta kapena kupanga zinthu zambiri.
1. Kutembenuza kwa CNC (Kupanga Machining): Njira Yoyambira ya Zigawo za Lathe
CNC yotembenuka, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti CNC lathe machining, ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yopangira zinthu zochotsera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito lathe. Imachita bwino kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe a cylindrical, masitepe, ma tapers, ulusi, mizere, ndi zinthu zina zofanana ndi axially molondola kwambiri komanso kubwerezabwereza.Mu dongosolo lokhazikika, chitsulo chosaphika chopangidwa ndi zitsulo (nthawi zambiri chozungulira, koma nthawi zina chozungulira kapena chaching'ono) chimamangiriridwa bwino mu alamu. chuck cholumikizidwa ku spindle ya makina. Spindle imazungulira workpiece pa liwiro lalikulu—nthawi zambiri ma RPM zikwi—pamene chida chodulira chimodzi chosasuntha chimalowetsedwa mu chipangizocho. Computer numeral control (CNC) imatsogolera mayendedwe a chidacho motsatira X-olamulira (yozungulira, yolunjika kapena kutali ndi mzere wapakati) ndi Z-axis (kutalika, motsatira kutalika kwa gawolo). Kuyenda kogwirizana kumeneku kumachotsa gawo lililonse, ndikupanga gawolo molingana ndi G-code yokonzedwa yopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya CAD.Ntchito zoyambira zikuphatikizapo:
  • KukumanaKupanga malo osalala.
  • Kukonza ndi kumalizaKuchotsa zinthu zambiri kenako n’kupeza malo osalala komanso ogwirizana bwino (nthawi zambiri ± 0.0005 mainchesi kapena kuposa pamenepo).
  • Ma diameter ozungulira: Kupanga magawo owongoka kapena ozungulira.
  • Kusuntha: Kudula ulusi wakunja kapena wamkati.
  • Kukula: Kupanga mipata ya O-ring, njira zodulira mphete, kapena zinthu zopatukana.
Ma lathe amakono a CNC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zamoyo, zomwe zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Zida zamoyo ndi zolumikizira zozungulira (zoyendetsedwa ndi turret ya makina) zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati mphero zazing'ono kapena zobowolera. Zimathandizira ntchito zosagwirizana ndi mzere—monga mphero zophwanyika, kuboola mabowo opingasa, kuboola, kapena kugogoda—popanda kuchotsa gawolo kuchokera ku lathe ndikulisamutsa ku makina ena ophwanyika. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yokhazikitsa, zimachepetsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito, komanso zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito onse a zigawo zomwe zili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (monga, shaft yokhala ndi mainchesi opindika kuphatikiza ma hex ophwanyika kapena mabowo ozungulira obowoledwa). Zida zamoyo zimapangitsa lathe yachikhalidwe kukhala malo ogwirira ntchito zambiri, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi mphamvu ya Y-axis yopangira mphero zovuta kwambiri.
 
Pazigawo zazing'ono kwambiri, zovuta, kapena zolondola kwambiri—monga zomangira zachipatala, zigawo za wotchi, kapena zolumikizira ndege—Swiss Machining (Swiss-type CNC lathes) imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi CNC yachizolowezi yotembenuza, komwe workpiece imagwiridwa kumapeto amodzi kapena onse awiri mu chuck, makina aku Swiss amagwiritsa ntchito mutu wotsetsereka ndi kutsogolera bushing. Chogwiriracho chimadya kudzera mu bushing, chomwe chimachichirikiza pafupi kwambiri ndi zida zodulira, kuchepetsa kupotoka ndi kugwedezeka. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazitali, zopyapyala (ma ratios aatali-kutalika mpaka m'mimba mwake) ndi zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba ngati mainchesi ± 0.0001. Ma lathe a ku Swiss nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma spindles angapo, zida za gang, komanso ntchito nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthawi yozungulira ikhale yofulumira komanso kuti zinthu zazing'ono zikhale zochulukirapo.
 
Kutembenuza kwa CNC kumapereka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, kumaliza pamwamba (mpaka Ra 0.4 μm kapena kupitirira apo), komanso kufalikira kuyambira pa zitsanzo mpaka ma voliyumu apakati. Komabe, sikugwira ntchito bwino pazinthu zopanda cylindrical kapena kupanga zinthu zazing'ono zovuta kwambiri.
2. Kuumba Zitsulo ndi Injection (MIM): Njira ina ya Zigawo Zing'onozing'ono Zovuta Kwambiri
Pamene zida za lathe zimafuna ma geometri ovuta kwambiri, makoma opyapyala, kapena zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri ku makina, kupanga jakisoni wachitsulo (MIM) imagwira ntchito ngati njira ina yamphamvu yofanana ndi ukonde. MIM imaphatikiza ufulu wopanga wa kuumba pulasitiki ndi mphamvu ya ntchito zachitsulo zachikhalidwe, ndikupanga zitsulo zokhuthala komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.
 
Njira ya MIM imayamba ndi kukonzekera zodyetsa: ufa wachitsulo wosalala (nthawi zambiri umakhala <20 μm kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu, kapena zitsulo zopanda aloyi) umasakanizidwa ndi chomangira cha thermoplastic kapena sera (pafupifupi 60% ya chitsulo ndi voliyumu). Chosakanizachi chimatenthedwa, chimasakanizidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ofanana a pellet, ndipo chimabayidwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu mu dzenje lolondola la nkhungu—mofanana ndi chomangira cha pulasitiki. Zotsatira zake zimakhala gawo "lobiriwira" lomwe limasunga chomangira kuti chigwire ntchito mwamphamvu.
 
Chotsatira chimabwera kuletsa, komwe chomangira chachikulu chimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotenthetsera, zosungunulira, kapena zoyambitsa, ndikusiya gawo lofooka la "bulauni" lopangidwa makamaka ndi ufa wachitsulo. Pomaliza, kuchimwa Zimatenthetsa gawolo mu ng'anjo yolamulidwa mpaka pafupi ndi malo osungunuka a chitsulo (koma pansi pake), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu timeneti tizilumikizana kudzera mu kufalikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti gawoli likhale ndi kachulukidwe ka 95-99%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zofanana ndi zitsulo zosweka kapena zotayidwa (mphamvu yayikulu, kuuma, komanso kukana kutopa). Kuchepa kwa zinthu panthawi yowotcha—nthawi zambiri 15-20%—kumawerengedwa bwino popanga nkhungu kuti zikwaniritse miyeso yomaliza.
 
MIM imawala pazigawo zazing'ono (nthawi zambiri zosakwana magalamu 100, nthawi zambiri zosakwana magalamu 50) zokhala ndi zinthu zovuta monga zodulidwa, ulusi wamkati, makoma opyapyala (mpaka 0.1 mm), malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe, kapena zinthu zambiri zophatikizidwa zomwe zingafunike makina ambiri kapena kusonkhana. Imapereka kubwerezabwereza kwabwino, zinyalala zochepa (mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ukonde amachepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zambiri (mayunitsi masauzande mpaka mamiliyoni). Mapeto a pamwamba ndi osalala (Ra 1-3 μm), nthawi zambiri amafunikira kukonza pang'ono pambuyo pokonza pang'ono kapena kutentha.
 
Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyambira zogwiritsira ntchito zida zimakhala zokwera, MIM imachepetsa ntchito zina ndipo imalola kuphatikiza magulu azinthu zambiri kukhala zigawo chimodzi, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zonse zopangira zinthu zoyenera monga zida za mfuti, mabulaketi a orthodontic, kapena zolumikizira zamagetsi.
3. Njira Zina Zopangira Zinthu Zovuta pa Zida za Lathe
Ziwalo zambiri za lathe zimafuna zinthu zosazungulira kapena zapadera zomwe CNC yokha sizingapange bwino. Njira zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kachiwiri:
  • kugaya: Kugayira pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira CNC kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito pamakina opangira magetsi, kugayira kumapanga malo osalala, matumba, mipata, makiyi, kapena malo ozungulira pazigawo zina zozungulira. Kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira zozungulira zambiri pa workpiece yosasuntha (kapena yolembedwa), zomwe zimathandiza kutembenuza ma geometries osakanizidwa.
  • Broaching: Izi zimaphatikizapo chida chokokedwa kapena kukankhidwira mu workpiece kuti chidule mawonekedwe enieni amkati kapena akunja monga ma keyways, splines, kapena serrations mu pass imodzi (kapena sequential shallow cuts). Rotary broaching (wobble broaching) ikhoza kuchitika pa CNC lathes pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zapadera, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga bwino mabowo a polygonal kapena ma profiles popanda kukhazikitsa kwachiwiri.
  • Kujambula/Kutulutsa: Izi ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu zopangira zinthu zosaphika. Kujambula kwa waya kapena ndodo kumakoka zitsulo kudzera m'ma die kuti zigwirizane (monga mipiringidzo yozungulira yokhala ndi mainchesi enaake), pomwe kutulutsa kumakakamiza zinthu kudzera m'ma die owoneka bwino kuti zikhale ndi ma profiles ofanana. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zoyambira zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pake.
Kawirikawiri, opanga nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza njira izi. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lina likhoza kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lathe ya CNC, kupangidwa ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, kupangidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito m'makiyi amkati, ndikumalizidwa ndi kupukutidwa kapena kupukutidwa. Kusankha kumadalira kukula kwa gawo, zovuta, kulekerera, zipangizo, kuchuluka, ndi zolinga za mtengo.
 
Powombetsa mkota, CNC yotembenuka Imakhalabe maziko a ziwalo zambiri za lathe chifukwa cha kulondola kwake komanso kugwira ntchito bwino ndi ma geometries ozungulira, komwe kumakulitsidwa ndi zida zamoyo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Switzerland yokhudzana ndi zosowa zapamwamba. MIM imapereka njira ina yabwino kwambiri yopangira zinthu zazing'ono zopangidwa mochuluka komanso zovuta, pomwe kugaya, kuphika, ndi kukonzekera zinthu kumadzaza mipata kuti ntchito yonse igwire bwino ntchito. Kusankha njira yoyenera—kapena njira yosakanizidwa—kumawonjezera ubwino, nthawi yotsogolera, komanso ndalama pakupanga zinthu zamakono molondola.

Ntchito Zofala mu Kupanga Zitsulo Zazing'onozing'ono Zopangira Lathe

CNC yotembenuka Chida chogwirira ntchito (nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa chokha) chimazungulira mofulumira kwambiri pomwe zida zoyendetsedwa ndi CNC zimachotsa zinthuzo molondola.
Njira Zofunikira pa Zida za Lathe:

*Kutembenuka: Njira yoyamba yochotsera imachepetsa kukula kwa chogwirira ntchito kuti ipange masilinda owongoka, opindika, mapewa, kapena mizere. Kutembenuza molakwika kumachotsa zinthu zambiri mwachangu, pomwe kutembenuza komaliza kumakwaniritsa miyeso yeniyeni komanso kumaliza bwino kwambiri pamwamba (nthawi zambiri Ra 0.8 μm kapena yosalala). Pazigawo zazing'ono, ntchitoyi imatsimikizira kuti kuzungulira ndi kozungulira ndizofunikira kwambiri pa shafts, mapini, ndi bushings.boyiprototyping.com

*Kuyang'anizana: Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbali ya mbaliyo ikhale yolunjika komanso yolunjika poika chidacho m'mphepete mwa mbaliyo. Zimakhazikitsa nkhope yoyera yowunikira kuti igwire ntchito zina kapena kuonetsetsa kuti ndi yayitali komanso yofanana.

*Kuboola ndi Kusasangalatsa: Kuboola kumapanga mabowo a axial pogwiritsa ntchito ma drill ozungulira omwe amagwiridwa mu turret kapena tailstock. Kuboola kumakulitsa kapena kukonza mabowo awa kuti agwirizane bwino, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yoboola yokhala ndi mfundo imodzi kuti ikwaniritse kulekerera kolimba komanso mabowo osalala m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono kapena zolumikizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamoyo pa lathes zapamwamba kumalola kuboola mopingasa zinthu za radial popanda kuyikanso malo ena.

*Kulemba ulusi: Ulusi wakunja umadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira ulusi za mfundo imodzi zomwe zimatsatira njira yozungulira yolumikizidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa spindle. Ulusi wamkati umagwiritsa ntchito matepi kapena zida zoboola. Kuwongolera kwa CNC kumathandizira kuyika bwino, kutsogoza, ndi ulusi woyambira wambiri pa zomangira zazing'ono, zolumikizira, kapena zosinthira.partmfg.com

*Kupanga mipeni: Ntchito yopangira (osati kudula) imakanikiza chida chogwirira ntchito motsutsana ndi chogwirira ntchito chozungulira kuti ipange mawonekedwe a diamondi, owongoka, kapena opingasa. Izi zimathandizira kugwira bwino zogwirira, zomangira za thumbscrubs, zogwirira, kapena makola osinthira popanda kuwonjezera diameter yofunika.reidsupply.com

Ma lathe a CNC amtundu wa Swiss ndi oyenera makamaka pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri (mpaka zinthu za sub-millimeter) chifukwa cha bushing yotsogolera yomwe imathandizira katunduyo pafupi ndi malo odulira, kuchepetsa kupatuka ndikulola zigawo zapamwamba monga zomangira zachipatala kapena ma pini a wotchi.

Masitepe Pambuyo pokonza

Pambuyo pokonza koyamba, zigawo zing'onozing'ono zimamalizidwa kuti zichotse zolakwika ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito:
1. Kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza ndi kutsiriza: Mphepete zakuthwa, ma burrs ochokera pakuzungulira kapena kuboola, ndi zizindikiro za zida zimachotsedwa kudzera mu deburring yamanja, kugwedezeka, kapena kuphulika kwa media. Kuphulika kwa mikanda (pogwiritsa ntchito mikanda yagalasi kapena ya ceramic) kapena kugwedezeka ndi media yowawasa kumasalala pamwamba, kumakongoletsa kukongola, ndikukonzekeretsa zigawo za zokutira. Njira izi zimaletsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti handling ndi yotetezeka.comcoinc.com

2. Mankhwala Okhudza Kumtunda: Kuti ziwonjezere kukana dzimbiri, kukalamba, kapena mawonekedwe, njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo: Kupaka ma electroplating (nickel, chrome, zinc) pa zokongoletsera kapena zoteteza.
*Kupaka mafuta (a aluminiyamu) kuti apange filimu yolimba komanso yoteteza okosijeni.
*Kusintha (kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) kuti chiwonjezere kukana dzimbiri.
*Kupaka utoto, utoto wa ufa, kapena utoto wa PVD/CVD pazosowa zapadera.

Mankhwalawa amawonjezera moyo wautumiki m'malo ovuta monga azachipatala, ndege, kapena ntchito zapamadzi.

Nkhani Zoyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pazinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

1.CNC Lathes (kuphatikiza mtundu wa Swiss): Zabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika bwino, kumalizidwa bwino, komanso kusinthasintha pang'ono mpaka kwakukulu. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:
*Mivi, ndodo, ndi ma spindle.
*Ma Bushings, ma spacer, ndi ma bearing.
*Zomangira, zolumikizira, ndi zolumikizira zokhala ndi ulusi.
*Malo osungira masensa a magalimoto, zolumikizira za ndege, ndi zida zamankhwala.
*Kutembenuza kwa CNC kumapereka kusinthasintha kwa ma prototypes mpaka kuthamanga kwapakati (mazana mpaka zikwizikwi), ndi kusintha kwachangu kwa makonzedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu.

2. Kupangira Injection ya Chitsulo (MIM): Yabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazing'ono kwambiri, zovuta kwambiri zopangidwa m'magulu akuluakulu (makumi zikwi mpaka mamiliyoni). MIM imayamba ndi ufa wachitsulo wosakaniza ndi chomangira, wolowetsedwa mu nkhungu, wotuluka, ndikusungunuka mpaka kufika pamlingo wokwanira. Imagwira bwino ntchito monga makoma opyapyala, zodulidwa, mabowo amkati, mawonekedwe abwino, kapena zinthu zingapo zophatikizika zomwe zingakhale zodula kapena zosatheka kuzipanga efficiently.unionfab.com

Ntchito zodziwika bwino za MIM pazigawo zazing'ono zachitsulo zimaphatikizapo zida zamankhwala (monga zida zopangira opaleshoni, mabulaketi ogwiritsira ntchito mano), magiya ang'onoang'ono, mabulaketi ovuta, zoyambitsa mfuti, ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa zida ndi wokwera kwambiri pasadakhale, MIM imachepetsa zinyalala, ntchito zina, ndi njira zopangira zinthu kuti pakhale kupanga zinthu zambiri motsika mtengo.

M'machitidwe, opanga nthawi zambiri amasakaniza njira: gawo lina likhoza kupangidwa ndi MIM kuti likhale lovuta kupanga kenako nkumalizidwa ndi makina pa CNC lathe kuti likhale lolimba, kapena zigawo zozungulira zimatha kulandira zinthu zina zofanana ndi za MIM ngati kuchuluka kwake kukugwirizana ndi zimenezo.

Ponseponse, kupanga zida zazing'ono zopangira lathe zachitsulo kumaphatikiza kulondola kochotsa (kudzera mu CNC turning) ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi net-shape (kudzera mu MIM) ndi kukonzedwa kofunikira pambuyo pake kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira zolimba za kukula, kulondola, kulimba, ndi magwiridwe antchito m'mapulogalamu amakono ang'onoang'ono.

 

Kusankha Zipangizo za Zigawo Zazing'ono za Lathe za Chitsulo

Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu, chifukwa zimakhudza makina, kulimba, komanso mtengo. Zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zazing'ono monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa, chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, ndi titaniyamu. Chilichonse chili ndi zinthu zapadera: aluminiyamu ndi yopepuka komanso yosavuta kuigwiritsa ntchito koma yofewa; mkuwa umapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino ndipo ndi woyenera kupangira zinthu zokongoletsera kapena zamagetsi; chitsulo chimapereka mphamvu koma chingakhale chovuta pazinthu zazing'ono chifukwa cha kuuma.

Kupanga ndi Kukonzekera

Kapangidwe ndi kukonzekera bwino kumachepetsa zoopsa popanga zida zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi lathe. Yambani ndi mapulogalamu a CAD monga SolidWorks kapena Fusion 360 kuti mupange chitsanzo cha gawolo, kuphatikizapo zololera, zomaliza pamwamba, ndi zinthu monga ulusi kapena mizere. Pazigawo zazing'ono, mapangidwe ayenera kuwerengera mwayi wopeza zida—pewani kudula kwakukulu komwe kungayambitse kusweka kwa zida.

Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kutsata njira: kutembenuza mozungulira kuti muchotse zinthu zambiri, kenako kumaliza ma pass kuti muone bwino. Yerekezerani ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya CAM kuti mupange G-code ya ma lathe a CNC, kukonza ma feed ndi liwiro. Pa ma lathe amanja, pangani zojambula zatsatanetsatane zokhala ndi miyeso.

Ganizirani zomangira: ma collets kuti agwire bwino ma diameter ang'onoang'ono, kapena ma bushings apadera kuti athandizire zigawo zofewa. Kukonzekera magulu azinthu zambiri kumaphatikizapo ma bar feeders pa ma lathe odziyimira pawokha. Kuwunika zoopsa kumakhudza mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga kugwedezeka (kugwedezeka komwe kumayambitsa kutha koyipa) kapena kupangika kwa burr. Konzani kugwiritsa ntchito coolant kuti muchotse kutentha, makamaka mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwerengera nthawi kumathandiza pakukonza nthawi: shaft yaying'ono yosavuta ingatenge mphindi 5-10 pagawo lililonse pamanja, zochepa pa CNC.

Kujambula zithunzi kumatsimikiza dongosolo—makina ndi gawo loyesera, kuyeza ndi ma micrometer kapena CMM, ndikubwerezabwereza. Zolemba zimatsimikizira kubwerezabwereza.

Kukhazikitsa Lathe ndi Zida

Kukhazikitsa ndi komwe kumayambira kulondola. Pa lathe yaying'ono, ikanikeni pa benchi yokhazikika, linganizani bedi, ndikulumikiza mutu ndi mutu wakumbuyo. Zigawo zina za lathe zikuphatikizapo bedi, mutu (wokhala ndi spindle), ngolo, ndi mutu wakumbuyo.

Ikani chogwirira ntchitocho mu chuck ya 3-jaw kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse kapena collet kuti chikhale cholondola kwambiri pa mainchesi ang'onoang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito chobowolera chapakati ngati pakufunika thandizo la tailstock.

Zida: Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS) cha zitsulo zofewa monga mkuwa, zoyikapo kabodi pazitsulo zolimba. Pukutani zida pa ngodya zinazake—monga, 60° kuti mupange ulusi. Kutalika kwa chida kuyenera kugwirizana ndi mzere wapakati wa spindle.

Liwiro ndi ma feed: Werengerani RPM ngati (Liwiro Lodula x 4) / M'mimba mwake. Pa mkuwa, 1000-2000 RPM pazigawo zazing'ono; amadyetsa mainchesi 0.002-0.005 pa kuzungulira kulikonse. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi odulira kuti muwonjezere mafuta.

Pazigawo zazing'ono, gwiritsani ntchito malo opumulira okhazikika kapena malo opumulira otsatira kuti mupewe kugwedezeka. Kukonza ndi zizindikiro zoyimbira kumatsimikizira kulondola.

Machining ntchito

Chimake cha ndondomekoyi chimaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo, iliyonse yopangidwira zigawo zing'onozing'ono.
Kuyang'anizana: Ikani mbali ziwiri za workpiece poyendetsa chidacho mopingasa. Pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, kudula pang'ono (mainchesi 0.005) kumalepheretsa kukumba zida.

Kutembenuka: Chepetsani kukula kwa chida posuntha chidacho motsatira mzere wozungulira. Kukankha kumachotsa zinthu zambiri, ndipo kumaliza kumakwaniritsa miyeso yomaliza. Pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, gwiritsani ntchito RPM yapamwamba kuti musunge liwiro la pamwamba.

Kubowola ndi Kutopetsa: Bowola pakati poyamba, kenako bowola mabowo. Kubowola kumakulitsa bwino. Pa mabowo ang'onoang'ono, gwiritsani ntchito zobowola za carbide kuti musayendeyende.

Kujambula: Dulani ulusi ndi chida chodulira kapena chodulira chimodzi. Pazigawo zazing'ono, ulusi wakunja ndi wofala; onetsetsani kuti mwakhazikitsa bwino.

Kupatukana: Dulani gawo lomalizidwa ndi chida chopyapyala cha tsamba. Limbikitsani ndi mutu wakumbuyo ngati n'kotheka.

Kukumba ndi Kukumba: Onjezani kapangidwe kake kapena mipata. Pazinthu zazing'ono, zida zapadera zimafunika. Mu CNC, zida zamoyo zimalola kugaya popanda axis. Zitsanzo: Kupanga nati ya flange ya 0-80 mkuwa kumaphatikizapo kuboola, kugogoda, ndi kutembenuza motsatizana.

Pazigawo zazing'ono kwambiri, monga ma chamfer a 0.5mm, ma jig apadera kapena ntchito zina (monga kupukuta) zitha kutsatiridwa. Kusamalira kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri—kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingawononge zigawo.

Kuchotsa zinthu zosweka m'mbali mwake kumachotsa m'mbali zakuthwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafayilo kapena ma tumbler pamanja.

Chitetezo ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino

Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri: Valani PPE, sungani zovala zomasuka, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza. Pewani kukhudza ziwalo zozungulira; ikani makinawo kuti musinthe.

Kuwongolera khalidwe kumagwiritsa ntchito ma micrometer, ma caliper, ndi ma optical comparator kuti aone kukula kwake. Oyesa kuuma kwa pamwamba amawunika kumaliza. Pazigawo zazing'ono, kukula kumathandiza kuyang'ana.

Ikani SPC kuti muwone kusintha kwa zinthu. Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri: kusazungulira bwino chifukwa cha kugwedezeka bwino, ma burrs ochokera ku zida zosalimba.

Njira Zotsogola

Kuphatikiza kwa CNC kumayendetsa ntchito zokha, ndipo ma lathe aku Swiss amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pazinthu zazing'ono zovuta. Njira zosakanikirana zimaphatikiza lathe ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa zitsanzo zoyeserera. Kutembenuza ma axis ambiri kumawonjezera zinthu monga mipata popanda kuyikanso malo ena.

Kutsiliza

Njira yopangira zida zazing'ono zopangira lathe yachitsulo imaphatikiza zaluso ndi sayansi, kupereka zinthu zolondola zofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zatsopano. Luso limabwera ndi machitidwe, kusintha ukadaulo wosintha kuti ugwire bwino ntchito komanso kukhala wabwino.