I puta mai te kupu "superalloy" i te hiahia mō ngā rauemi i roto i ngā tono ahotea teitei, pāmahana teitei pērā i ngā tāpine hau, i reira ahakoa ngā huringa hanganga iti mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ngokingoki ka arahi pea ki te rahunga. Ko te ngoki e pā ana ki te puhoi o te whakarerekētanga o tētahi rauemi i raro i te ahotea tonu i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, i hangaia ngā superalloys hei whakaiti i tēnei. Ko tō rātou hanganga iti, he maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i te whatanga karaihe poraka mata-pokapū (FCC) kua whakapūmautia e te nikara, ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā wāhanga whakapakari pērā i te gamma prime (γ'), e whai wāhi ana ki tā rātou mahi pāmahana teitei whakamiharo.

I ngā wā o mua, i ahu mai ngā konukōrei tino pai i ngā konukōrei nikara-konukōrei māmā ki ngā pūnaha maha-huānga matatini. Hei tauira, ko Inconel, he konukōrei tino pai e ahu mai ana i te nikara, e whakakotahi ana i te nikara me te konukōrei hei whakapakari ake i te ātete ki te waikura. I ēnei rā, e 40-50% o te taumaha o ngā miihini rererangi arumoni koinei te 40-50% o te taumaha o ngā miihini rererangi, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou tūranga nui i roto i te rererangi. Haunga te ao rererangi, he mea nui ngā superalloys i roto i ngā tipu hiko wera o te rā, i ngā whakawhiti wera taumaha, me ngā miihini rōkete, ka taea ai te mahi i roto i ngā tautuhinga waikura, wera nui rānei e kore e taea.

I roto i ngā horopaki hangahanga, ka tīpakohia ngā konukōrei tino pai mō tō rātou kaha ki te pupuri i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga me te pono o te miihini. Heoi, ka puta mai tēnei me ngā taupatupatu i roto i te āheinga miihini, nā te mea ko ō rātou kaha tonu—pērā i te pakeke me te iti o te kawe wera—ka ātete ki ngā tukanga tapahi tuku iho.

Ko te mārama ki ngā superalloys ka tīmata mā te mōhio ki te hanganga o aua mea: ko te nickel te pūtake mō te pumau o te wera, ko ngā tāpiringa pērā i te konumohe me te titanium ka hanga i ngā matū whakarewa hei whakapakari i te kaha.

Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Superalloys

Ko ngā āhuatanga tino pai o ngā konukōrei tino pai i ahu mai i ō rātou hanganga i hangaia kia āta whakaarohia, ā, ka taea e rātou te eke ki runga ake i ngā konukōrei paerewa i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko:

• Te Kaha-Pamahana Nui me te PumauKa mau tonu te kaha o ngā konukōre nui ki te kume, te kaha hua, me te kaha ngenge i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 870°C, neke atu rānei. Hei tauira, ko ngā konukōre e ahu mai ana i te nikara pērā i te Rene 41 he tino kaha mō ngā miihini rōkete. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te whakapakari i te wairewa totoka me te whakapakeketanga o te ua, ina ātete ngā āhua pēnei i te γ' ki te nekehanga nekehanga.
• Te Waikura me te WaikuraKo ngā huānga pēnei i te chromium ka hanga i ngā paparanga waikura tiaki, ka ārai i te pirau i roto i ngā hau kino. Hei tauira, he tino pai a Hastelloy C-276 i roto i te tukatuka matū nā tōna ātete ki te pakaru me te pakaru waikura-aukati.
• Ātete NgokiKa whakaitihia e ngā superalloys te whakarerekētanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea teitei mō te wā roa, he mea nui mō ngā mata tāpine e mahi tonu ana i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
• Te Kaha MiihiniHe tino ātete ki te kakahu me te hototahi ki te koiora, ā, he pai mō ngā whakaurunga hauora.Ko ngā koranu e ahu mai ana i te kobalt, pērā i te Stellite, ka whakarato i te roa o te ora i roto i te ngenge.
• Te Arahi Wera Iti me te WhakawhanuiHe āwhina tēnei āhuatanga ki te whakahaere wera engari he uaua i te wā e miihinihia ana, nā te mea ka kukū te wera ki te rohe tapahi.
• Te āhua whakakoi me te piriAhakoa he pai mō te roa o te mau, ka tere ake te mau o ngā taputapu i roto i ngā mahi CNC e ēnei āhuatanga.

Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka tino pai ngā superalloy mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia roa te ora me te pono, engari me whai rautaki miihini matatau anō hoki hei whakahaere i ngā take pēnei i te whakapakeketanga mahi, ina ka pakeke haere te rauemi i te wā e whakarerekētia ana te āhua.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te taurite o te kaha, te ātete, me te pumau ka whakanoho i ngā superkoranu hei mea nui mō te turaki i ngā rohe hangarau.

Nga Momo Hupiripiri

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā konukōrei nui i runga i tō rātou konganuku turanga matua, ia momo he painga ahurei mō ngā tono motuhake. E whakaatu ana a Elimold, he kaiwhakarato ratonga miihini, i ngā momo matua e rima: he nikara, he rino, he cobalt, he titanium, me te niobium.

• Hupiria-I runga i te NikeliKo te mea tino noa, he 50% te nikara me ngā tāpiringa pēnei i te konumohe, te taitāne, me te chromium. Ko ētahi tauira ko Inconel 718 (e whakamahia ana i roto i te rererangi mō tōna kaha ki te pakaru) me Hastelloy C-22 (mō te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao matū). He tino pai rātou ki te ātete ki te waikura i te pāmahana teitei, he mea tino pai mō ngā mata tāpoi me ngā miihini jet. Ko ngā raupapa pēnei i a Monel me Nimonic e tuku ana i ngā momo rerekē mō ngā hiahia motuhake, pēnei i a Monel K500 mō ngā tono moana.
• Hupiria-I-rino SuperalloysKa whakaranua ēnei i te rino ki te nikara, ki te konukōmiuma rānei, ā, ka iti ake te utu me te ātete ki te pakaru. Ka whakamahia ēnei ki ngā whāriki rererangi me ngā wāhanga e pāngia ana e te waku. He kaha pai ngā tauira pēnei i te Incoloy 909 engari he iti ake te ātete ki te wera i ērā momo nikara.
• Ko nga Korowai-Tua-Tua-TuaruaKei roto i ēnei koranu te 50-60% o te cobalt me ​​te chromium me te tungsten, ā, he kaha ake tō rātou i ngā pāmahana tino kino, ā, he tino ātete hoki ki te waikura. Ka whakamahia ngā raupapa Stellite, pērā i te Stellite 6, ki ngā wāhanga tāpine hau e pāngia ana e te hau. He pai ake te roa o te ora o ēnei mea i te wā e ngenge ana, ki te whakaritea ki ngā mea he rino, he nikara rānei.
• Ngā Tino Koranu i Hangaia ki te TitaniumKei roto ko te titanium me te molybdenum hei whakaiti i te modulus elastic, e mōhiotia ana ēnei mō te pakeketanga teitei. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te Ti6Al4V i roto i ngā mara rererangi me te hauora nā tōna hototahitanga koiora me te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha.
• Ngā Superalloys e hangai ana ki te NiobiumHe maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei ranunga niobium-nickel, he pai ake te pupuri i te kaha i ngā pāmahana teitei i ngā koranu nickel parakore, ahakoa he iti ake te kaha whānui. Ka whakamahia ēnei i roto i ngā miihini rererangi me ngā rōkete nā tō rātou ātete wera.

Ko ētahi atu koranu rongonui ko Waspaloy (he nikara te pūtake mō ngā tāpoi hau) me te raupapa Rene (mō ngā waka rererangi pāmahana teitei). Me whai huarahi CNC kua whakaritea mō ia momo nā te rerekētanga o te pakeke me ngā āhuatanga wera. Ko te whiriwhiri i te momo tika me whai whakaaro ki te utu, te mahi, me te ngāwari o te miihini.

Tirohanga Mahinga CNC

Ko te mīhini CNC he tukanga hanga tango-ā-ringa e tangohia ai e ngā taputapu rorohiko ngā rauemi mai i tētahi mea mahi hei hanga i ngā wāhanga tino tika. Kei roto ko ngā mahi pēnei i te mira (te huri i ngā taputapu tapahi mō ngā āhua uaua), te huri (te huri i te mea mahi ki tētahi taputapu tūmau), te keri, me ngā tikanga matatau ake pēnei i te mīhini tuaka-5 mō ngā āhua uaua.

Mō ngā konukōrei tino nui, he mea nui te CNC nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te tika teitei i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā mata tāpoi. Ko ngā ratonga pēnei i a Elimold ko te mira 3- ki te 5-tuaka, te miihini Huiterangi mō ngā wāhanga angiangi, me te waea EDM mō ngā manawanui kikī (±0.0001″).

He mea nui ngā mīhini pakari me ngā miro pakari hei whakahaere i te pakari o ngā rauemi.

Ngā Wero i roto i te Mīhini i ngā Superalloys

He tino uaua te mahi miihini i ngā konukōrei tino pai mā te CNC nā ō rātou āhuatanga. Ko ngā wero matua ko:

• Mahi WhakakaaKa tere te whakapakeke o te rauemi i te wāhi tapahi, ka nui ake te kakahu o te taputapu.
• Nga Hoia Tapahi TeiteiKo tōna kaha e hiahia ana kia nui ake te kaha, kia kaha ai ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini.
• Nga Take Whakahaere NgawhaKa mau te wera i roto i te rohe tapahi i te iti o te horapa o te wera, ka pakaru te taputapu me te hē o te mahi.
• Ngā Maramara Whakakorikori me te Tapa Hanga-akeKa piri ngā maramara kapia ki ngā taputapu, ka hanga he taha e kore ai e pai te whakaoti me te tika.
• Te Whakaterenga o te Maukati Taputapu: Ka tere te pakaru o ngā warowaiha mārō me ngā mea whakarewa, ka whakapoto i te roa o te ora o te taputapu.
• Te wiri me te ahotea toengaKa puta te haruru i ngā kaha teitei, ka pā ki ngā manawanui, ko te wera ia ka puta te ahotea ka whakaiti i te roa o te ngenge.

He maha ngā wā ka hē ngā taputapu CNC tuku iho ki ēnei rauemi, ā, me whai mātauranga motuhake. Ko ētahi atu momo mahi pērā i te PECM e tuku ana i te mīhini kore-pa hei karo i ēnei raruraru, ka puta he mata maeneene kāore he rohe e pāngia ana e te wera.

Nga Tikanga Mihini me nga Mahi Pai

Hei whakakore i ngā wero, whakamahia ēnei rautaki:

• Tīpakonga TaputapuWhakamahia ngā whakaurunga kāpira kua pania mō te mahi taratara, ngā uku mō te whakaotinga, me te PCBN mō te tino tika. Ka whakaitihia ngā kaha e ngā koki rake pai me ngā kaiwawao maramara.
• Tawhā kua arotauhiaNgā tere iti iho (hei ārai i te whakanui i te wera), ngā whāngai taurite, me ngā hohonutanga kua whakahaeretia. Ko te whakamātautau auau te mea nui.
• Rautaki whakamahanaHe whakamatao pēhanga teitei (70+ pae) mā roto i te taputapu hei whakamatao me te tango maramara; he MQL hei whakahinuhinu taiao.
• Mīhini me te WhakamauNgā mīhini CNC pakari-teitei me te whakaiti i te wiri; he taputapu pakari hei whakaiti i te haruru.
• Hoahoa me te Tukatuka-Mua: DFM me ngā radius whānui; ngā maimoatanga wera i muri i te mīhini hei whakamamae i te ahotea; NDT mō te kounga.
• AlternativesWhakaarohia te whakarewanga haumi mō ngā āhua tata-kupenga hei whakaiti i ngā hiahia CNC. Kei te hurihia te ao e ngā taputapu carbide hou me ngā wai whakamatao matatau.