Kalapona a me ke kinikini no nā mea hana mīkini CNC
Ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana o kēia au, kū ka mīkini ʻana o ka Computer Numerical Control (CNC) ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana kihi, e hiki ai ke hana pololei a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī ma nā ʻoihana e like me ke kaʻa, ka aerospace, ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, a me nā waiwai kūʻai. Ma ka puʻuwai o kēia kaʻina hana aia ke koho ʻana o nā mea kūpono, kahi e lanakila ai nā metala e like me ke kila ma muli o ko lākou versatility, ikaika, a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, puka mai ke kila kalapona a me ke kila alloy ʻelua o nā ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mīkini CNC. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i kahi kaulike o nā waiwai mechanical e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no nā noi e pono ai ka lōʻihi, ka machinability, a me ka hana ma lalo o ke kaumaha.
ʻO ke kila kalapona, he mea hao-kalapona me ka nui o ke kalapona mai 0.05% a 2% ma ke kaumaha, ke kumu o nā noi ʻoihana he nui. ʻO kona maʻalahi i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana—ʻo ia hoʻi ka hao a me ke kalapona, me nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, a me ka oxygen—e ʻae i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika, a me ka ductility e pili ana i nā pae kalapona. ʻO nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, no ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano kalapona kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. I ka mīkini CNC, mahalo ʻia nā kila kalapona no ko lākou kumukūʻai kūpono a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana, e kūpono ai no ka hana nui ʻana o nā ʻāpana e like me nā ʻauamo, nā pine, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa.ʻO ke kila kila, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ke kahua o ke kila kalapona ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hou e like me chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, a i ʻole tungsten. Hoʻonui kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā waiwai kikoʻī, me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ka ikaika tensile, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa wela, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia nui ʻana i ka hana o ka mea kumu.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kila alloy i nā ʻano alloy haʻahaʻa (me nā mea hoʻohui a hiki i ka 8%) a me nā ʻano alloy kiʻekiʻe, i hana ʻia no nā ʻano koi. I nā ʻano CNC, ʻoi aku lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e pono e kū i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, e like me nā kia, nā axles, a me nā lau turbine.ʻO ke koho ma waena o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila huila i ka mīkini CNC e pili ana i nā mea e like me ka hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia o ka ʻāpana, ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kaiapuni, nā waiwai mechanical e pono ai, a me nā palena kālā. No ka laʻana, ʻoiai ua lawa paha ke kila kalapona no nā ʻāpana kūkulu i nā kūlana akahai, he mea nui pinepine ke kila huila i nā hoʻonohonoho kiʻekiʻe-stress a i ʻole corrosive. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana o kēia mau mea, nā waiwai, nā māka, a me nā ʻano mīkini no nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hoʻolālā, e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, a e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi o ka huahana.
Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i nā mea paʻakikī o nā kila kalapona a me nā kila alloy e like me nā mea hana CNC machining. E ʻimi mākou i kā lākou mau haku mele, nā waiwai koʻikoʻi, nā māka maʻamau, nā noʻonoʻo machinability, nā noi, a me nā pono hoʻohālikelike. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina ʻepekema mea i hoʻokumu ʻia a me nā hana ʻoihana, makemake mākou e hāʻawi i kahi alakaʻi piha no nā poʻe loea e ʻimi nei e hoʻohana pono i kēia mau kila i kā lākou mau papahana. Inā he mea hoʻolālā ʻoe e kuhikuhi ana i nā mea a he machinist paha e hoʻolālā ana i nā hana CNC, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau kumu hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka hana pololei.
Ke kila kalapona: Nā waiwai, nā papa, a me ka hiki ke hana ʻia ma CNC
ʻO ke kila kalapona ke ʻano kila i hana nui ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e helu ana i kahi kokoke i 90% o ka huina kila i hana ʻia. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia kona hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ka nui o ke kalapona: kalapona haʻahaʻa (emi ma mua o 0.30%), kalapona waena (0.30% a 0.60%), a me ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o 0.60%). Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia mahele liʻiliʻi i nā waiwai mechanical like ʻole e hoʻohuli i kona kūpono no ka mīkini CNC.
E hoʻomaka ana me nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ua kapa pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea he mau kila palupalu ma muli o ko lākou palupalu a me ka ductility. Me nā pae kalapona maʻamau ma waena o 0.05% a me 0.25%, hōʻike lākou i ka formability maikaʻi loa a me ka weldability. Ma ke ʻano mechanical, hāʻawi nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa i nā ikaika hua ma kahi o 350 MPa a me nā ikaika tensile a hiki i 420 MPa, me ka elongation ma ka haki e hiki ana i 15% a ʻoi aku paha. He haʻahaʻa ko lākou paʻakikī Brinell, ma kahi o 121, e hana ana iā lākou i machinable loa. I nā hana CNC, ʻo nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa e like me ka papa 1018 nā mea punahele no kā lākou hoʻokumu ʻāpana laumania a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i nā mea hana. ʻO ka papa 1018, i haku ʻia me 0.15-0.20% kalapona a me 0.6-0.9% manganese, e haʻaheo ana i ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 65 ksi a me ka ikaika hua o 48 ksi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā ʻau, nā pine, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me nā mīkini, kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka pololei a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono.
Hoʻopili nā kila kalapona waena i ke kaawale ma waena o ka ductility a me ka ikaika, me ka nui o ke kalapona mai 0.30% a i 0.60%. Hāʻawi kēia mau papa i ka paʻakikī i hoʻonui ʻia a me ka ikaika tensile me ka mālama ʻana i ka machinability kūpono. ʻO nā waiwai maʻamau e pili ana i nā ikaika hua o 415 MPa, nā ikaika tensile o 620 MPa, a me ka elongation o 25%, me ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 201. Hōʻike ka Papa 1045 i kēia māhele, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kaulike o ka ikaika a me ka machinability. Me ke kalapona ma 0.43-0.50% a me ka manganese ma 0.60-0.90%, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 105 ksi a me ka hua o 60 ksi ma hope o ka mālama wela. I ka mīkini CNC, pono nā kila kalapona waena i ke koho akahele ʻana i nā parameter e pale aku i ka hōʻiliʻili wela nui, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka hana. He kūpono lākou no nā ʻāpana hydraulic, nā axles, a me nā gears kahi e pono ai ke kū'ē i ka hopena.
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, nona ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.60% kalapona, e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu ma mua o ka ductility. ʻO nā waiwai ma aneʻi e komo pū me nā ikaika hua a hiki i 570 MPa, nā ikaika tensile o 965 MPa, a me ka elongation haʻahaʻa ma 9%, me ka paʻakikī Brinell e hiki ana i 293. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia mau kila i ka mīkini ma muli o ko lākou palupalu a me ke ʻano e hana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī, e pono pinepine ai nā mea hana carbide a me nā lubricants. Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa maʻamau e like me 1095 (0.90-1.03% kalapona) no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana, nā pūnāwai, a me nā pahi. I nā noi CNC, loaʻa nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe mai ka annealing ma mua o ka mīkini ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana, a ukali ʻia e ka paʻakikī no ka hoʻohana hope loa.
Hoʻemi ka mīkini ʻana o nā kila kalapona i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ke kalapona. Loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole haʻahaʻa-kalapona ka helu kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka 100 ma ka helu kuhikuhi mīkini), ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe e hāʻule paha i 50-60. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana CNC e pili ana i ka wikiwiki ʻoki, ka wikiwiki hānai, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coolant. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā wikiwiki kūpono no 1018 e loaʻa paha mai 100-150 m/min me nā mea hana kila wikiwiki, akā makemake ʻia nā hoʻokomo carbide no nā papa paʻakikī e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka mea hana. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wela; hoʻomāmā a hoʻomehana paha i ka mea no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana maʻalahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka quenching a me ka tempering e hoʻonui i nā waiwai hope loa.
Nui nā noi o ke kila kalapona i ka mīkini CNC. I ka ʻoihana kaʻa, hana nā papa kalapona haʻahaʻa a me waena i nā ʻāpana mīkini, nā ʻāpana chassis, a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻohana ka Aerospace iā lākou no nā mea kūkulu koʻikoʻi ʻole, ʻoiai ke kūkulu ʻana e pōmaikaʻi ana mai ko lākou ikaika i nā mea paʻa a me nā brackets. Hoʻohana ka ʻāpana aila a me ke kinoea i nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻāpana wili a me nā valves. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ke kila kalapona—pinepine he 20-30% ka emi ma mua o nā alloys—e lilo ia i mea nui no ka prototyping a me ka hana nui ʻana.
ʻOiai nā pono, aia nā pilikia. Hiki i nā kila kalapona ke pala me ka ʻole o nā uhi pale, e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waho a ma ke kai paha. Hiki i nā ʻano kalapona kiʻekiʻe ke haki i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomehana mua ʻia, a hiki i ka mīkini ke hana i nā burrs e pono ai ka deburring. ʻO nā holomua i ka ʻenehana CNC, e like me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu adaptive, e hōʻemi i kēia mau mea ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ala a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā haʻalulu.
Ke kila kila: Nā waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia no nā noi CNC koi
Hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke kila kila i nā hiki o ke kila kalapona ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻopilikino i nā waiwai no nā pono kikoʻī. Ua wehewehe ʻia he kila me nā hoʻohui i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o ke kalapona (maʻamau 1-50% ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui), hoʻokomo pū ia i nā kila kila haʻahaʻa (a hiki i ka 8% o nā mea hoʻohui) a me nā ʻano mea hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea maʻamau e like me ka chromium i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, hoʻonui ka nickel i ka paʻakikī, hoʻonui ka molybdenum i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻonui ka vanadium i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu.
ʻO nā kila haʻahaʻa-alloy, e like me ka papa 4140 (loaʻa iā 0.38-0.43% kalapona, 0.80-1.10% chromium, a me 0.15-0.25% molybdenum), hāʻawi i ka ikaika hua ma kahi o 655 MPa a me ka ikaika tensile a hiki i 950 MPa ma hope o ka mālama wela. He kūpono ko lākou mīkini, helu ʻia ma 65-70, a pane maikaʻi lākou i ka quenching a me ka tempering no nā pae paʻakikī o 28-32 HRC. I ka mīkini CNC, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kila no nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe-stress e like me nā crankshafts, gears, a me nā axles i nā mīkini kaʻa a me nā mīkini kaumaha. Hoʻemi nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka brittleness i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kalapona like, e ʻae ana i ka pale ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi.
Hoʻohui nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe i nā mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi, pinepine ma mua o 10% chromium no nā waiwai like me ke kila kila me ka ʻole o ka kila piha. Hāʻawi nā papa e like me 4340 (me ka nickel, chromium, a me ka molybdenum) i ka ikaika kūikawā—hiki ke loaʻa a hiki i 860 MPa—a me ke kūpaʻa luhi, e kūpono ai no nā ʻāpana lako pae aerospace a me nā ʻāpana ʻaila. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mīkini ma aneʻi, ma kahi o 50, ma muli o ka paʻakikī i hoʻonui ʻia, akā kōkua nā ʻano hana CNC e like me ka wili trochoidal i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka wela a me ka ʻaʻahu o nā mea hana.
ʻOkoʻa loa nā ʻano o nā kila hao hao akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka 1,200 MPa), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ductility, a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kalapona. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā kila hao hao ke mālama i ka pono ma nā mahana ma luna o 500°C, kūpono no nā pahi turbine a i ʻole nā kīwaha petrochemical. Hoʻonui ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho i nā mea hao waiwai chromium, e hōʻemi ana i ka pono no nā uhi.
I ka mīkini CNC, koi nā kila alloy i nā mea hana kūikawā, e like me ka carbide i uhi ʻia a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokomo keramika, e lawelawe i ko lākou paʻakikī. Hiki i nā palena ʻoki ke komo pū me nā wikiwiki o 60-100 m/min no ka roughing a me nā hānai o 0.1-0.2 mm/rev, me ka wai hoʻoluʻu e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wela. Hoʻomaikaʻi nā hana wela pre-machining e like me ka annealing i ka mana chip, ʻoiai nā kaʻina hana post-machining e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka dimensional.
Hoʻopili nā noi i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. I ka aerospace, hana nā kila alloy i nā kau mīkini a me nā mōlina kūkulu. Hilinaʻi ka ʻoihana kaʻa iā lākou no nā ʻāpana hoʻoili a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻohana ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea i nā kila alloy no nā pipelines a me nā kola wili, kahi e kī ai ke kūpaʻa i ka abrasion. Loaʻa pū nā bearings, nā pūnāwai, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu i loko o nā pā uila mai ko lākou kūpaʻa.
ʻO nā kila mea hana, kahi ʻāpana o nā kila alloy, pono e haʻi ʻia no ko lākou paʻakikī loa (a hiki i ka 65 HRC) a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka abrasion. ʻO nā papa e like me H13, me ka chromium a me ka vanadium, ua mīkini ʻia ma o CNC no nā make a me nā ʻōmole, ʻoiai lākou e koi ana i nā wikiwiki lohi a me nā hoʻonohonoho paʻa e pale aku ai i ka haki ʻana.
ʻO nā pilikia me nā kila alloy e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe—pinepine 50-100% ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kila kalapona—a me ka hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kā lākou mau waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ke Kalapona a me ke kila Alloy ma CNC Machining
I ke koho ʻana ma waena o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila alloy no ka mīkini CNC, nui nā mea e pono ai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kalapona ma ke kumukūʻai a me ka maʻalahi o ka mīkini ʻana, me nā papa kalapona haʻahaʻa e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a me ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, nele ia i ka pala a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, e lilo ana ia i mea kūpono ʻole no nā ʻano ʻino.
ʻO ke kila kila, me kona mau hoʻomaikaʻi i hana kūikawā ʻia, hāʻawi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi aʻe ma ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, a me nā waiwai kūpaʻa, akā ma ke kumukūʻai o ka mīkini a me ke kumukūʻai. No ka laʻana, hōʻike kahi papa hoʻohālikelike:
waiwai | Ke kila kalapona (e laʻa, 1045) | Ke kila kila (e laʻa, 4140) |
|---|---|---|
Ka ikaika hua (MPa) | 415-570 | 655-860 |
Mahalo | Kiʻekiʻe (70-100) | Kaumaha (50-70) |
Kahi Kuʻuna Corrosion | Low | Kūlana kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe |
kāki | Lōpū haʻahaʻa | Waena-kiʻekiʻe |
noi | ʻAno kūkulu laulā | Kiʻekiʻe-kaumaha, ʻinoʻino |
I nā pōʻaiapili CNC, kūpono ke kila kalapona i nā prototyping wikiwiki a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻole, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o ke kila alloy no nā ʻāpana kikoʻī ma lalo o ke kaumaha.
Hiki i nā ʻano hana hybrid, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻiole kila kalapona me nā uhi alloy, ke hoʻonui i nā pono.
Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila ma CNC Machining
1. ʻOkoʻa o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kumu
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma ke ʻano kemika. He hao ke kila kalapona, nona ka 0.0218% ~ 2.11% kalapona ma ke ʻano he mea nui me ka haʻahaʻa o ka haumia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui o ke kalapona: he palupalu a he palaki ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (<0.25%, e.g., Q235); he kaulike ke kila kalapona waena (0.25% ~ 0.6%, e.g., 45# kila) i ka ikaika a me ka palaki; he paʻakikī ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (>0.6%, e.g., T10) akā he palupalu.
Hana ʻia ke kila kila ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui i manaʻo ʻia (chromium, nickel, etc., ka huina o ka ʻike 1% ~ ʻumi pakeneka) i ke kila kalapona, e like me 42CrMo no ka ikaika i hoʻonui ʻia a me 304 kila kila no ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, kahi e hoʻololi nui ai i kāna hana mīkini.
2. Ka Hana ʻoki ʻoki CNC
Ke kū'ē ʻoki: Aia ke kū'ē o ke kila kalapona i ka nui o ke kalapona—ʻae ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa i ka ʻoki wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kalapona waena, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē ʻoki o ke kila alloy ma mua o ke kila kalapona kalapona like ma muli o nā carbides paʻakikī mai nā mea hoʻohuihui.
Hoʻopau wela: He maikaʻi ka conductivity thermal o ke kila kalapona, e mālama ana i nā mahana mīkini haʻahaʻa a lohi ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o ka mea hana. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻole ke kila alloy i ka wela, me nā mahana lihi e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 800 ℃ (e laʻa, 304 kila kila), e koi ana i ka hoʻoluʻu kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka mea hana a me ka puhi ʻana o ka workpiece.
3. Nā Kūlana Koho Mea Hana
Ke kila kalapona: Nā koi haʻahaʻa—HSS a i ʻole carbide sima no ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa/waena; carbide sima kiʻekiʻe-cobalt (e laʻa, YG8) no ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana i uhi ʻole ʻia a i ʻole i uhi ʻia me TiCN, me nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi (<0.1mm) no ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao i honi ʻia (0.1~0.2mm) no ke kila kalapona waena/kiʻekiʻe.
Ke kila hao: Nā koi kiʻekiʻe—nā uhi TiAlN/CrN, nā lihi i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia (0.2~0.5mm), a me nā mea hana hana kiʻekiʻe e kū i ke ana wela a me ka hopena.
4. Nā hiʻohiʻona noi a me nā manaʻo koho
Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (10#, Q235): Kūpono no nā wili, nā pahu—haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai, kiʻekiʻe ka pono.
Ke kila kalapona waena (45#): Kūpono no nā kia, nā ʻauamo—hana kaulike, ka mea nui loa
nā mea hana maʻamau.
Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (T8, T10): Hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hana, nā ʻōmole—pono ka wikiwiki lohi a me ka hoʻomaʻalili ikaika.
Ke kila kila (42CrMo, 304): Kūpono i nā crankshafts kaʻa, nā ʻāpana mokulele—hoʻokō i nā koi hana koʻikoʻi ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
6. Summary
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa machining ma waena o nā kila ʻelua mai nā ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻaʻahu o ka mea hana ma mua o 30% a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono ma 20%. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi waihona ʻikepili "mea-mea-mea hana-hana" e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaulike kūpono ma waena o ke kumukūʻai a me ka pono i ka machining CNC kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Manaʻo Mīkini a me nā hana maikaʻi loa
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka mīkini CNC kūpono o nā kila kalapona a me nā kila alloy e pono ai ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hana, nā palena, a me nā ʻano hana. He mea maʻamau nā mea hana Carbide no nā mea ʻelua, akā pono paha nā alloys i nā ʻano i uhi ʻia me CVD no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. Pale aku nā wai ʻoki i ka wela nui, ʻoiai ma nā papa kalapona kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā alloy i maʻalahi i ka paʻakikī o ka hana.
ʻOkoʻa nā palena: no nā kila kalapona, nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (120-180 m/min) a me nā hānai (0.15-0.3 mm/rev); no nā alloys, haʻahaʻa (80-120 m/min) e hoʻokele i ka wela. Hoʻemi nā hoʻonohonoho mīkini paʻa i nā haʻalulu, a hoʻomaikaʻi ka polokalamu CAM i nā ala no ka pono.
ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau e pili ana i ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻāpana—e hoʻohana i nā mea haki ʻāpana—a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, e hoʻoponopono ʻia ma o ka wili ʻana. He mea nui nā kaʻina hana palekana, e like me ka ea kūpono no ka uahi.
Hoʻomaikaʻi nā holomua e like me ka mīkini wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (HSM) a me ka hoʻoluʻu cryogenic i nā hopena no kēia mau mea.
Panina
ʻO nā kila kalapona a me nā kila hao he mea nui loa ia i ka mīkini CNC, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole mai ke kumukūʻai kūpono a me ka maʻalahi i nā ʻano kalapona like ʻole a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kila hao. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kā lākou mau haku mele, nā māka, a me nā ʻano, hiki i nā mea hana ke koho maikaʻi loa no nā noi mai nā mea paʻa o kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i nā ʻāpana aerospace. I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana, e hoʻomau kēia mau mea i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka hana hou i ka ʻenekinia pololei, e kaulike ana i ka hana me ka pono.